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Monteverde Cloud Forest Biological Reserve
This privately managed 10,500-ha (26,000-acre) reserve was established in 1972 to protect the forest and its populations of 2,500 plant species, 400 bird species, 500 butterfly species, 100 mammal species, and 120 reptile and amphibian species, including the golden toad.
Biodiversity value
• Direct value • Indirect value
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Biodiversity value
• Direct value
– Provide food and energy. – Provide rich resources of medicinal herbs. – Provide industrial raw materials.
• The Quakers' efforts, along with contributions from international conservation organizations
• Provided the beginnings of what is today the Monteverde Cloud Forest Biological Reserve.
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Biodiversity value
• Indirect value
– Maintain the balance and stability of ecological system – Solar fixed – Hydrology regulation – Climate regulation – absorption and decomposition of pollutants, – Storage of nutrient elements and promote nutrient cycling – maintenance of the evolutionary process
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3.5
3.34m
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2.5
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1945
1995 1.5
1
0.86m
80%
0.5
0 Population
33% 12%
Farmland
25% Forest coverage
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At the begining
Quakers: Quakers (or Friends, as they refer to themselves) are members of a family of religious movements collectively known as the Religious Society of Friends.
• The first parks centered on areas of spectacular scenery, such as
Poas Volcano National Park
Santa Rosa National Park encompassed valuable tropical dry forest
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• In 1970, the Costa Rican government and international representatives came together to create the country's first national parks and protected areas.
Tortuguero National Park -
essential nesting beaches for the green turtle
Cahuita National Park
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protect a prominent coral reef system
Initially the government gave the parks little real support.
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Threat-Excessive deforestation
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Threat-Industrial pollution
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Threat-Excessive exploitation
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Case Study
• Costa Rica's leading agricultural produces have long included beef and bananas, whose production and cultivation require extensive environmental modification.
The Quakers make it start
• The Quakers relied on milk and cheese for much of their economic activity,
• They also set aside one-third of their land for conservation.
According to Costa Rican conservationist Mario Boza, in their early years the parks were granted only five guards, one vehicle, and no funding
Today government support is greater. Fully 12% of the nation's area is contained in national parks, and a further 16% is devoted to other types of wildlife and conservation reserves. Costa Ricans, along with international biologists, are working to protect endangered species and recover their populations.