一般式:(与谓语动词(几 to make 乎)同时发生)
inf 完成式:(先与谓语动词之 to have made
前发生)
进行式:(在谓语动词动作 to be making 发生时正在进行)
being made going
having been made (不作定语）
having gone (不作定语）
(作定语）
(作主语） (作宾语）
(作宾补） (作表语）
(作状语）
• 1.This cup is broken. (作表语 • 2.This is a broken cup. (作表语） • 3.I found the cup broken.(作宾语补足语）
• 4.Broken by Tom, the cup can’t be
（作主语）
(作宾语） （作宾补） (作表语） （作定语） （作原因状语）
（作目的状语）
（作结果状语）
• 1.Swimming is his favourite sport. • 2.He enjoys swimming. • 3.I found him swimming in the river. • 4.His favourite sport is swimming. • 5.He is the man swimming in the river just now. • 6. Swimming in Summer ,we can get cool.
不定 式
×
××
现在 × × 分词
××
过去 × × 分词
××
动名 词
×
×
1.非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补 足语、表语、定语、状语等.
• 1.To see you is glad. =It’s glad to see you. • 2.I want to see you. • 3.I want him to see you. • 4.My hope is to see you. • 5.He is the man to see you. • 6.I’m glad to see you. • 7.I went to see you. • 8.He went so early as to see you
Hale Waihona Puke 语to perform on. √
• 2. Having given her opinion about the building,
she left the meeting.
作
Having been used for a long time, the computer 状
needs repairing.
• 2. Being used by me now,the bike can’t be lent to you. • 3. Having been used for many years, the bike needs repairing.
Having been told several times, 可以写成=Told several times,
▲C.分词的完成式一般不用来作定语， 只能用作状语.
• The platform having been built will be used to
•
perform on. × 1.The platform built will be used to perform on. √
作 定
The platform which has been built will be used
非谓语动词
语法讲解
I.非谓语动词时态、语态形式对照表：
及物与不及物
vt.
vi.
语态 主动语态 被动语态 主动语态
类别
时态
ing
一般式:(与谓语动词同时 发生)
完成式:(先与谓语动词之 前发生)
making
having made (不作定语）
ed
只有一般式:(不强调时间 先后，只说明原因、条
×
件等)
语
D.▲ed+主句（不强调时间先后）;Being ed+主句（强调 主句和从句动作同时发生）;Having been ed+主句（强 调时间先后）如不强调时间先后可用ed,一般式来代替.
• ed as a means of traffic in China,the bike is very useful. Written in simple English, the book is easy to read
used. (作状语） • ★过去分词一般不作主语、宾语.
• 3.分词的用法比较
• A.在时态上
• 1.China is a developing country =a country which is developing.
• 2.Japan is a developed country =a country which has developed.
• 3.I found him gone. =that he had gone.(表完成）
ing分词表“进行” ed分词表“完成”
▲B.在语态上，ing分词表“主动”，ed分词表“被动”
（多为及物动词）
• 1.I saw him writing a short novel. =that he was writing a short novel.
• 2.He was reading a novel written by Charles Dickens. =which was written by Charles Dichens.
▲在概念上，ing.表“抽象、习惯”,不定式表“具体、偶 然、将来”.
*Swimming (抽象）is my favourite sport and I like swimming(习惯）every day, but I don’t like to swim(具 体）today, I would like to swim(将来）tomorrow.
made(表被动） gone(表完成）
to be made to go
to have been to have gone made
×
to be going
2.非谓语动词在句中可作的语法成份
成份 主 宾 表 定 宾
状
语
类别 语 语 语 语 补 时 条 原 目 结 方 让 伴
间 件因 的 果 式 步 随