IV. Define the following terms.
31. sociolinguistics ——Sociolinguistics studies all the aspects of the relationship between language and the society.
32. Sapir-Wholf hypothesis——Sapir-Wholf hypothesis is a hypothesis put forward
by the American anthropological linguists Sapir and Wholf. It is a belief that the
way people view the world is determined wholly or partly by the structure of their language.
33. context of situation——Context of situation is framework put forward by Firth. This theory has the following elements:
A. The relevant features of the participants: persons, personalities:
1) The verbal action of the participants
2) The non-verbal action of the participants
B. The relevant objects
C. The effects of the verbal action
34. communicative competence——Communicative competence is the ability not
only to apply the grammatical rules of a language in order to form grammatically correct sentences but also to know when and where to use these sentences and to whom.
35. sociolinguistic study of society——If we want to know more about a given
society or community by examining the linguistic behavior of its members, we are doing a sociolinguistic study of society.
36. dialect ——Dialect is a variety of a language, spoken in part of a country, or by people belonging to a particular social class, which is different in some words, grammar, and/or pronunciation from other forms of the same language.
37. multilingualism——Multilingualism refers to the use of three or more languages
by an individual or by a group of speakers such as the inhabitants of a particular
region or a nation.
nguage variation——Language variation refers to the differences in pronunciation, grammar, or word choice within a language.
nguage planning——Language planning ,usually by a government or government agency, is concerned with choice of national or official language(s),
ways of spreading the use a language, spelling reforms, the addition of new words
to the language, and other language problems.
40.code selection——Code selection refers to the selection of a particular language or language variety for given situation.。