9.Cultural differences on the bus:1. Old and young;2. Pregnant and handicapped;10Million; thousands; hundredsIt’s like a million people flying in around the world.Our house had been in Mama’s family since her grandpa’s grandpa’s grandpa had come across the ocean about a thousand years ago.I’ve told you a hundred times that today I’ll come back late.11.His back is as crooked as a politician.Crook n.1. A crook is a dishonest person or a criminal.⏹The man is a crook and a liar.⏹2. The crook of your arm or leg is the soft inside part where you bend your elbow or knee.⏹She hid her face in the crook of her arm.Crook v.⏹If you crook your arm or finger, you bend it.⏹He crooked his finger: "Come forward," he said.⏹Crooked adj.⏹1. If you describe something as crooked, especially something that is usually straight, you mean that it is bent or twisted.⏹The map on the wall is a bit crooked .⏹2. A crooked smile is uneven and bigger on one side than the other.⏹Polly gave her a crooked grin.⏹3. If you describe a person or an activity as crooked, you mean that they are dishonest or criminal⏹He is clearly a crooked cop.12.Pun (Ë«¹ØÓï)Definition: 1. “also play on words;2. An amusing use of a word or phrasethat has two meanings, or wordswith the same sound but differentmeanings.For example:咸菜煎豆腐——有言(盐)在先Seven days without water make one weak’(=1 week)13.Classification1. Homophonic puns谐音双关2. Homographic puns 词义双关⏹A. Homonyms同形异义⏹B. Polysemy一词多义3. Asteismus岐解双关14.Functions of puns⏹①. 用于广告文体，作为一种特殊的交际模式，有其明显的目的性，而双关语又具有简洁凝练风趣幽默，新颖别致等语用效果，能够突出广告的特点，广告商利用语言文字同音或同义，同音异义的关系，使一句话关涉两件事，一明一暗，一真一假，即引人注日，又引起联想、⏹Money doesn't grow on trees. But it blossoms at our branches.Money doesn't grow on trees. But it blossoms at our branches.钱长在树上不行，但在我们这“行”行!这是英国劳埃德银行((Loyd Bank)外路牌广告其中branch一词有双重含义:一为字而含义，承接上句中的tree指树枝;而更深一层的含义则为分行、支行，即该银行的各个分支机构、事实上这个)’告的真正意图是写召人们将钱存到劳埃德银行。
因此该)’告的言外之意是:把钱存到劳埃德银行吧.在那里钱会不断增值。
⏹又如:Ask for More⏹这是摩尔香烟在广告语中树立的双关典范、它巧妙地使用一词的双重意义:more是一个副词，表示‘更加，更多”;首字母大写⏹之后，变成了品牌名称，表示‘摩尔”、这则广告使人们轻松记住了商品的品牌，同时又给人留下难忘的幽默:‘再来一支，还抽摩尔”。
②. 用于日常生话在口常生话中双关是很常见的，使用者可以更为巧妙和幽默地表达隐含的“特殊”意义，使之不太过直白。
“Forth floor", shouted the passenger to the elevator.“Here you are, son."“How dare yon call me ‘son’?’，“Sir, I called, or whatever. I‘ve brought you up anyway.对乘客一开始的出言不逊，电梯管理员并没有以牙还牙地吼叫，而是利用双关语反唇相讥一“bring up ;(把你带上来;把你抚养成人)，让这个无礼的乘客无言以对。
⏹③. 用于谜语中双关用于谜语中使谜语更加隐秘、有内涵⏹----Which runs faster, heat or cold?⏹----Heat runs faster, because you can easily catch cold.⏹这里。
Cold本意是冷，而它和catch”抓住”在一起则表示”感冒”了，热没有类似的用法，所以热和冷相比较，热要跑得。
④. 用于笑话中笑话中使用双关，使语言更加俏皮和更有幽默性.---What did the telephone girl say to you when she broke the engagement.---She said: "Ring off.“电话女郎在切断电话是跟你说什么了?她说:“把戒指拿下来。
”这是由两个双关词组构成的两个习语、Break theengagement意为解除婚姻;或电话打完后切断电话. Ring off的意思是把戒指拿下来;或挂断电话。
这两个习语同样也是一词多义的现象来引起歧义.⏹Judge: “What made you think that you could park your car there?”⏹Tourist: “Well, there was a big sign that read: ‘Fine for Parking.’”⏹“你怎么想把车子停在那里？”⏹“喔，那里有个大牌子，上面写着‘停车的好地方。
（停车罚款）’”⏹原文：Professor of physics: What is matter?⏹Student: Never mind.⏹Professor: Then what is mind?⏹Student: It doesn’t matter.译文：物理教授：“什么是物质？”（“你怎么啦？”）学生：“它不是精神。
”（“不要紧。
”）教授：“那什么是精神？”（“那你介意什么？”）学生：“它不是物质。
”（“我不介意什么。
”）⏹The professor tapped on his desk and shouted, “Gentle men, Order!”The entire class yelled, “beer!”教授敲着桌子大声说：“先生们，安静！”全班一致回答“啤酒”⑤. 文学作品中。
在英语文学作品中双关语有着广泛的应用，对于刻画人物性格起到很大的作用、如:海明威的着名小说A Farewell to Arms，标题中的arms ,很多西力评论家指出是一语双关、Arms是多义词，联系小说内容,arms具有双重含义，一层意义为武器，象征帝国主义战争;另一层意义为手臂，象征爱情、同时，这也与小说本身的两大主题相符:战争与爱情、小说的标题具备了双重含义:永别了，武器; 同时，永别了，爱情、15.Puzzles1. --When can a person become two persons?--When one is so angry that he is besides himself.Or --When he doubles up with laughter.2. --When a man feels girlish?--When he makes his maiden speech.3. --When is a very angry man like a clock of fifty minutes past twelve？--When he is just going to strike one.4. –Why shouldn’t you believe a man in bed?--Because he is always lying.5. –When did the blind man suddenly see?--When he took up a hammer and saw.6. –How would a greedy man punctuate “I saw a one-hundred-dollar bill on the sidewalk?”--He would just make a dash after it.16.Quiz1. I was arrested at the airport. Just because I was greeting my cousin Jack! All that I said was "Hi Jack", but very loud.2. A bicycle can't stand on its own because it is two-tyred.3. His left brain has nothing right and his right brain has nothing left.4. He is not a grave man until he is a grave man.5. Time flies like an arrow, fruit flies like a banana.6. He wore a new hairpiece every day and was considered a big wig.7. He drove his expensive car into a tree and found out how the Mercedes bends.17.⏹Do you remember your mother when y'all were living together?⏹Have any of y'all been contacted about this case?⏹Y'all got these knives and guns pointing at me,Contracted form in American English18.⏹1. gotta – got to;⏹2. hafta – have to;⏹3. hasta – has to;⏹4. oughta – ought to;⏹5. wanna – want to;⏹6. wannabe – want to be;⏹7. gonna – going to;⏹8. kinda – kind of;⏹9. kindsa – kinds of;⏹10. lotta – lot of;11. lotsa – lots of;12. gimme – give me;13. lemme – let me;14. coulda – could have;15. shoulda – should have;16. woulda – would have;17. mighta – might have;18. musta – must have;19. getcha – get you;20. gotcha – got you;21. betcha – bet you;22. doncha –don’t you;19.1. what are you gonna do this afternoon?2. I’m gonna play football.3. I’m gonna go home.4. You wanna ask her to see a movie?5. You wanna dance tonight?6. I’ve gotta stay at home doing my exercises.7. I wanna take care of my little sister.8. I’ve gotta study tonight.9. she’s gotta work overtim e.10. Would ya do me a favor?11. Hope to see ya again!12. See ya!13. Life was like a box of chocolates, you never know what you’re gonna get.。