当前位置:文档之家› 定语从句知识结构图解

定语从句知识结构图解

定语从句知识结构图解————————————————————————————————作者: ————————————————————————————————日期:定语从句知识结构图解概念:定语可以由形容词,名词,代词,分词,不定式以及介词短语等来担任,也可以由一个句子来充当,充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。

①指人的先行词⒈先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词②指物的先行词★先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。

He haspassedthedriving test, which surprises all ofus. (which替代前面所叙述的事情)先行词①替代前面的先行词(替代作用)关系词的作用②连接主句和定语从句(连接作用)③在定语从句中作句子成分(成分作用)定语从句“三要素”⒉关系词: 引导定语的词标准:根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类关系词的分类关系代词:在从句中做主,宾,表,定(that/which/who/whom/whose/as)关系副词:在从句中作状语(When/where/why)⒊定语从句:用来做定语,修饰限定先行词的句子。

①限制性定语从句:对先行词起限定修饰作用。

定Heis a teacher whoworksat our school.定语从句的分类②非限制性定语从句:对先行词起补充说明作用(先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开)语Beijing,whichis the capital of China, is a beautifulcity with a longhistory.比较:Hehastwo sons,who workinthe same company. (He ha sonlytwo sons.)从Hehas two sonswhoworkin the samecompany.(Perha pshe has two more sons)句①关系代词在定语从句中作宾语She is the girl(whom /that)I loved before.(可以省略whom/that)②关系代词在定语从句中作表语⒈关系代词的省略He is no longer the boy(that)he usedto be.(可以省略that)限定性定语从句③关系代词作介词宾语,介词在从句句尾时可以省略Housing priceis aproblem (that/which)people are interested in.比较:Housing price isaproblem in whichpeopl eareinterested.(此时只能用which且不能省略)①以疑问词who开头的句子中定语从句几个难点Who is theman that is shouting there?②关系代词在从句中作表语时用that的情况She is not thegirl that she usedto be.③先行词被thevery,the right, the only修饰Thisisthe verypersonthat we are looking for.⒉先行词是人that/who的区别①先行词是one,ones, anybody,all,none,Those who want to go to thecinema willhave towait atthe gate of the school.②句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了that,另外一用who的情况个用whoWho is theboy that wonthegoldmedal?③在there be 结构中There aremany young menwho areagainsthim.④在非限定性定语从句当中Tom, who is my best friend, has gone abroadto study.①在非限定性定语从句中.Shelost the game,which depressedher greatly.②关系词置于介词之后,作宾语.Thepen with which you write isJack’s.用which的情况③先行词是that或定语从句中套Letme show you the novel that I borrowedfrom the library whichis newly opento us.①先行词是不定代词如all,little,few,much,⒊先行词是物anything, eve rything,nothing,none,noone等that / which的区别Shedid allthatshe could to helpus.②先行词被all,every, no,some,little,much,the only,thevery,theright,thelast等所修饰时This is the very book that I want.③先行词中既有人又有物时She describedinher compositionsthe people and用that的情况the places that impresse dher most.④先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。

This is the best book thatI have everread.This is thefirstfilm that I’veseen since I came here.⑤定语从句中套定语从句,其中一个关系词以用which,另外一个用thatHe built a factory whichproduced things thathad neverbeen seen before.定⑥当主句的主语是疑问词which,另一个用thatWho is the personthatis standing at thegate?语定语从句10个难点①As 既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以用于非限定性定句中充当主语,宾语,表语等。

常用于以下句型当中从★Such/so….. as….像…..一样thesame….as…和…...同样的A computeris souseful amachineas we can useeveryday.句⒋As引导定语从He is not the samemanas he was.句的用法②引导非限制性定语从句,此时译为“正如,像”等。

可以放在句首,句中或句末。

As I remember,there were a net bar here.Taiwan is aninseparable part ofChina,as isknownto all.★thesame as...和the same that...引导定语从句的区别This isthe same bike that I lost yesterday. (同一事物)This isthe same bike as I lost yesterday. (同类事物)①When在定语从句中做时间状语,先行词为表示时间的tim e,day等I stillremember the daywhen I first came to Beijing.(when=on which)②Where在定语从句中做地点状语,先行词为表地点的place,spot等Can you tell metheoffice wherehe works?(where=in which)③Why 在定语从句中做原因状语,先行词只有reason.⒌关系副词的运用I don’t want tolisten toany reasonwhy you were absen t. (why=forwhich)★关系副词 = 相应的介词+ 关系代词★Where引导的定语从句还可以修饰抽象空间的名词如case(情形),situation,position(位置),stage (阶段),point(地步)等Whatare the situationswherebody language is the only form of communication?在哪些情况下身体语言是唯一的沟通方式。

(此时where = in which)① way在定语从句中做状语时的三种引导方式that/inwhich/ 不填The wayin which / that /不填heexplainsthe sentence to us is quitesimple.比较:The way which/that/不填he told to uswasquite simple.(★way在定语中作tell的宾语)time表示“次数”时,用关系代词that引导定语从句⒍几个特殊②先行词time This isthe first time that th epresident has visitedthecountry.的先行词time作“一段时间”讲时,应用关系副词whenThis was the time whenthere were no radios, notelephones orno TV sets.(★此时when= duringwhich在..期间)③先行词reason当在定语从句中作状语时,定语从句的4种引导方式why/forwhich/that/不填This isthereason why/for which/that/不填he can notcomehere.比较:Is thisthereasonthat/which/不填heexplained to usfor hisabsence from theconference.(★reason 在定语从句中做explain的宾语)★该结构的关系代词只有两种即介词+which(指物)介词+whom(指人)★该结构介词的选用原则:①根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配This is the book on which Ispent $8.This is thebook for whichI paid$ 8.②根据先行词的搭配习惯I remember the daysduringwhich I livedthere.I remember the day on whichI graduatedfrom university.⒎介词+关系代词③根据整个句子所表达的意思来决定The colorless gas without whichwecan’t live iscalled oxygen.④英语中为了强调某一名词,不定式前面也可以加上关系代词。

相关主题