语法专题五：定语从句
定语从句在复合句中作定语，由关系代词和关系副词引导，被修饰的词为先行词。
一. 关系代词的用法
指代对象人事物人+事物主格who/that which/that that
宾格who/that/whom which/that that
所有格Whose whose/of which
注意
1．只用that 不用which
•(1)介词+which+从句，在此结构中因介词提前不能用that代替which，当介
词不提前时方可。
此结构可用关系副词代替“介词+which
The chair on which she sat is made of wood.
The chair which /that she sat on is made of wood.
•(2)先行词本身是that /those
What’s that which flashed in the sky just now
2.关系代词只能用that
•（1）先行词为“all”，“everything”,“nothing”，“little”，“much”等不定代词。
•eg. There is something that you can borrow.
•(2)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰。
•eg.This is the very place that I want to find.
•The last place that we visited was a factory.
•(3)先行词被形容词的最高级修饰。
•eg.This is the best book that I have ever read.
•(4）先行词为两种或两种以上不同的事物。
先行词若为分别表
示人和事物的名词，也只能用that引导定语从句。
•eg.She gave me some books and a pen that I need.
•(5)先行词被序数词修饰。
•eg.This is the second article that I wrote in English.
•(6)主句是以who或which开头的特殊问句时。
•eg.Who is the person that is standing at the door?
（1）as做关系代词、关系副词引导限制性定语从句，在从句中充当主语、表语、状语，常使用的有以下结构：the same...as，such...as, as many...as, as much...as, as...as。
•He bought such a book as I have.(as做宾语)
•You should do it the same way as I did.(as做状语)
（2）as引导非限制性定语从句，常见习语：
•as anybody can see(正如人人都能看到的那样)•as we all know(众所周知)
•as is known to all(众所周知)
•as we had expected(正如我们预料的那样)
•as is reported in the newspaper(正如报纸报道的那样)
•as is often the case(正如经常发生的那样
二. .关系副词的用法
关系副词when, where, why分别表示时间、地点、原因，
在从句中作状语，其先行词一般是分别表示时间、地点、
原因的名词。
•I'll tell you the time when I reach your school.
•The reason why he didn’t come is that he was ill.
•The reason why you failed is clear.
•This is the room where they held the meeting.
•I will never forget the day when I joined the party.
•The reason why he didn’t come is that he caught a
fever.
1.situation后常用where,in which引导定语从句
2.way(方式，方法)后常用in which或that或how引导定语从句，也可省略
3."the same＋名词"such＋名词”,“as＋名词”后通常用as引导定语从句•Can you imagine a situation where/in which you can use the word?•Do you know the way(in which/that/how) he worked out the problem?
•I have the same dictionary as you(have) ./Such a book as you bought is interesting。