英语句子概论 英语句子的种类
简单句 (simple sentence) 并列句 (compound sentence)
复合句 (complex sentence)
简单句的五种基本句型
The weather is very cold. 主语+谓语（连系动词）+表语 He laughed. 主语+谓语（vi.） I like Chinese food. 主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语 She taught them physics. 主语+谓语(vt.)+间接宾语+直接宾语 We must keep the room warm. 主语+谓语(vt.) +宾语+宾语补足语
1.The boy who is standing over there is Tom
状语从句 定语从句
2.Because it is raining ,we have to stay at home 3.I know (that)he is from America
名词性从句--- (宾语从句）
Subject Clause (主语从句)
规则： what引导名词性从句，除了表示“什么”，还 可以表示： 表示“……的东西或事情”； “……的人或的样子” （身份或地位） …的地方 …的时间 …的数量或数目
Someone is ringing the doorbell . Go and see
who it is. ______
任何最后离开房间的人应该把灯关掉。 Whoever leaves the room last _________________________ought to turn off the light.
三、what
What he said at the meeting astonished 1.______ everybody present. what he was. 2. He is no longer _____ what 3. A modern city has been set up in _____was a wasteland ten years ago. 4. After ______ what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile. what it was ten 5. Our income is now double ______ years ago. what he said just now? 6. Do you know ______
名词性从句的时态
1. He said that he will go to the station. would . travels 2. Our physics teacher once told us that light __________ （ travel ） faster than sound. went (go) abroad last year and 3. Tom says that Mary ____ has been (be) there for nearly 5 months. _________
他的问题是哪个学生英语最好。 student is the bestat English His question is which ____________________ 哪个最喜欢就拿哪个。 whichever you like Take ________________
Could you show me _____ how I can reach the station? 我们就是这样克服困难的. how we overcame the difficulties That was ____ where he has gone. I have no idea ______ 这就是我不同意的地方. where I disagree . This is _______ 这就是她为什么今天早上起得这么早的原因. why she got up so early this morning. This is _____ Why he didn’t come is still unknown to us. _____ When we’ll begin the meeting under discussion __________________________is 我们什么时候开始开会…… Many students say that their time at university is when they can experience pure love. ______
规则： Wh-引导表语从句时，它们通常不含有疑问意 义，而是分别体现具体的地点、时间、原因和 方式。
名词性从句的语序
名词性从句中，除了连接词要提到句首之 外，一律要用陈述句语序。
His brother asks _________________ when he will go to the library . ……他什么时候去图书馆 I don’t know what is the matter \the trouble\ wrong with him.
规则一： 1. 当宾语从句由连词 that 引导， that 在从句中不 作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语 或非正式文体中常省略。 2.宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不 能省略： （1）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语 时，第二个that不能省； （2）当that从句作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。 （3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句, that不可省 掉。
同位语从句
名词性从句考点归纳
1. 引导词
2. 语序问题
3. 时态问题
4. 主谓一致问题
5. 名词性从句中的虚拟语气
6. it做形式主语、形式宾语的用法
7. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别
名词性从句的引导词
that ＊只起连接作用， (1)从属连词 whether 不充当从句中的任何成分。
if
who(ever) ＊既起连接作用， whom(ever) 本身又在从句中做成分 (2)连接代词 whose(ver) what(ever) which(ever) when ＊既起连接作用， why (3)连接副词 where 本身又在从句中做状语。 how，how many， how much，
规则二： 当主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句由连词 that 引导时， that 在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任 何具体意思，但是不可以省略。
二、whether/if
1. I asked her ____________ if / whether she had a bike. 2. We’re worried about _________ he is safe. whether 3. I don’t know _________ he is well or not. whether 4. I don’t know ________ or not he is whether well. 5. I don’t know whether __________ to go. 6. ________ whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.
并列句 把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来。 并列句 I turned on the TV. My sister and I watched it. I turned on the TV and my sister and I watched it. I bought my sister a present. She didn’t like it. I bought my sister a present,but she didn’t like it.
Whether he is free now is certain . __________
The problem is ___________ we can get there on whether time. whether he He must answer the question __________ agrees to it or not.
常用并列连词:
并列句
and, both…and, not only… but also, • 平行并列连词: neither…nor • 转折并列连词：but, however, while, yet, • 因果并列连词: for, so
• 选择并列连词: or,either…or
复合句:主句+从句 名词性从句 定语从句 状语从句
温馨提示：
在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry, sure,
afraid, glad 等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略
that的从句也可算是宾语从句。
I’m sorry (that) I don’t know .
We’re sure (that) our team will win .
I’m afraid (that) he won’t pass the exam .
That we shall be late is certain. 1.____________________ 主语从句 （我们将迟到了） you missed the chance is a pity. 2. That ________________________ 主语从句 (你错过了这次机会) I will have my own company 3.My dream is that _____________________________ (我将来有我自己的公司) 表语从句 4. I’ve come from Mr Wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon __________________________________________ (他今天下午不能来看你了) 同位语从句