华南农业大学期末考试答题纸（A卷）
2008学年第一学期考试科目：管理学基础
考试类型：（闭卷）考试时间：120 分钟学号姓名年级专业
II．Choose the only one correct answer for each question (2 points each question, total 40 points)
Ⅲ. Notion explanation. (4 points each notion, total 20 points)
1.MBO
Management by objectives (2 points)
Four elements: jointly determined objectives; explicit time period; specific objectives; periodically review (0.5 each)
2.Hawthorne effect
Social norms or standards are the key determinants of individual behavior in a group. (4 points)
3.Boundaryless organization
An organization that is not defined or limited by boundaries or categories imposed by traditional structures; attempt to eliminate vertical, horizontal, and inter-organizational barriers. (4 points)
4.Social loafing
The tendency of an individual in a group to decrease his or her effort because responsibility and individual achievement cannot be measured. (4 points)
5.Benchmarking
Searching for best practices among competitors and noncompetitors. (4 points)
IV Medium-length answer. (10 points each question, total 20 points)
1.What are differences between functional and divisional structures? Give an example for these
two types of bureaucratic structure.
Functional structure refers to an organization in which similar and related occupational specialties are grouped together. (1 point)
The strength lies in the advantages that accrue from work specialization. Results in economies of scale, minimizes duplication, satisfy employees etc. (2 points)
but people tend to lose sight of the best interests of the organization as a whole; no one function is totally responsible for the results. (2 points)
A company divides its department into accounting, hr, producing, marketing employed the functional structure. (2 point)
Divisional structure is made up of self-contained units. (1 point)
It focuses on results, frees the headquarters staff from being concerned with operating details; but the major disadvantage lies in the duplication of activities and resources. (2 points)
Companies like GE and PepsiCo have the divisional structure. (1 point)
2.What are Mintzberg’s managerial roles? Cite examples of activities managers you know would
do when performing these roles.
Interpersonal—roles consist of being the figurehead for the organization, assuming the leadership role, and acting as a liaison for the organization. Examples (3 points)
Informational—roles consist of being a monitor of current information which is then dispersed to employees needing that information; also involves being the spokesperson for the organization. Examples (3 points)
Decisional—roles consist of being an entrepreneur for the organization, handling disturbances, allocating resources, and negotiating. Examples (4 points)
V Reading comprehension. (Choose the only one correct answer for each question. 2 point per。