1. significant = enormous = dramatic = tremendous = appreciably = remarkable = crucial = substantial 巨大的，明显的，程度大的2. rigid = stiff = unchanged = little change = invariable 一成不变的3. exchange = swap = alter = shift…from…交换，转换4. approximately = nearly = almost 几乎5. proportion = percentage = percent比例6. deplete = exhaust = exploit = run out of 开采完，耗尽7. complex = complicated = sophisticated = intricate 错综复杂的8. deadly = fatal = lethal = mortal 致命的9. prosperous = thriving = booming (特指人口，行业) = flourishing 兴旺，繁荣10. circumstance 环境（社会）/ surroundings/ environment 环境（环保）背景/ background 后台/ settings 后台，布景/ context 上下文（文章中）11. isolate =alienate = insulate 隔绝，排外，孤立– be alien to/ insulate (-ion) 绝缘，隔热（体）12. substitution 替代物– substitute sth for sb = replace/ alternative 选择性，代替性，辅助性13. inventive (-tion) = innovative (-tion) = creative (-tion) = ingenious (-ity) = novel (-ty) = revolutionary (-tion) 创新的，新颖的14. ambiguous (ambiguity) = obscure = vague 模棱两可的，暧昧的15. inadequate = insufficient( insufficiency n.缺乏，短缺) = deficient = be lack (of) = be short (of) = be shortage of 缺乏的，短缺的16. (be) skeptical (sceptical)= dubious = suspicious (about/of) 对……怀疑17. contradictory = opposing = clashing = conflicting = incongruous 矛盾的，相反的18. accelerate = speed up = increase speed = hasten = step up 加速19. peripheral = marginal = fringe = bordering = unimportant = insignificant 次要的，边缘化的20. create / gain efficiently = increase productivity 提高生产率/效率21. poor = in poverty = impoverished = underdeveloped 贫穷的，落后的22. associate with = link to = relate to = combine with 与……有关联23. improve = enhance = promote = boost = strengthen 加强24. neutral中立的，中性的/negative否定，消极，阴性的/positive 肯定，积极，阳性的25. drawback = fault = defect = imperfection = failing = weakness = shortcoming = flaw 缺点，缺陷26. bewildering = puzzling = perplexing = confusing = baffling 令人困惑的27. handicap = disabled = primitive 残疾的，落后的28. unsatisfactory = hardly be looked upon 不令人满意的29. caliber= criterion = standard = specification 标准30. be alike/ be similar to = be resemble in = be identical to 相似的31. barrier = hurdle = obstacle 障碍32. address = solve = resolve = cope with = deal with = tackle the problem 解决问题33. emphasize = stress = highlight = focus on = concentrate on = pay attention to 强调，重视34. apparently=patently=obviously=evidently = clearly 显而易见的35. molten rock = lava = magma 岩浆36. degenerate (-tion) = degrade = deteriorate 恶化，每况愈下37. make up one’s mind to do = be determined to do 下定决心38. indicate = demonstrate = display = exhibit = illustrate 展现，证明39. in terms of = concerning = considering = with regard to 考虑到40. reduced = declined = downward trend 下降的趋势41. pesticide 杀虫/ suicide 自杀/ homicide/ murder 杀人42. a vast array of = a great variety of = a great range of 各种各样的43. chronic 长期的，慢性/ long-term 长期的/ acute 急性的，短时的/ short-term 短期的44. impede = keep…from… = prevent…from… = stop…from… = inhibit 阻止，禁止45. result in = lead to = cause = bring about = induce 导致46. include = embrace = comprehend = comprise = cover = involve = constitute = consist of 包括47. constrain = restrict = limit = confine 限制48. reduce = decline = cut = lessen = diminish = eliminate 减少，消除49. predict = expect = anticipate 预期50. conclude = make/reach a conclusion = put down to = prove that = attribute to = turn out to 归结为……51. poisonous= toxic (in-, non-) 有毒的52. evolve-evolution 进化/ revolute-revolution 革命/ involve-involution 参与，渗入53. manifestation = performance = demonstration 表现54. stem from = derive from = date from = trace back to 追溯到，起源于55. gift = talent = aptitude = natural gift = genius 天资56. adapt to (adaptation) = adjust to/ make adjustment to = acclimatize oneself to = answer to = accommodate ( accommodation) = be settled in = meet the needs = in response to 适应57. advantage = merit = virtue = length = excellence 有点，长处58. throw away = scrap = discard = cast aside = desert = abandon = give up = be dispensed with 放弃，抛弃59. notorious ( notoriety) flagrant = smelly = odorous 臭名昭著的household = famous = popular = renowned = well-known = notable = reputable = prominent = famed 著名的，家喻户晓的（褒义词）60. catastrophe = disaster = adversity 灾难61. sediment = deposit 沉积（物）62. contaminate = pollute 弄脏，污染63. decipher = decode 解码，解释64. begin = launch = initiate ( initiative) 开始65. compare with = in comparison with 与……比较66. government official = authorities 权利机关67. sensibility = sense = awareness = consciousness 意识68. run into = bump into = come across = knock up with 不期而遇69. cater to = satisfy = meet the need 满足需要70. in excess of = in advance of = overrun = outstep = override = outstrip = get ahead of = surpass = exceed 超过71. cooperation = collaboration 合作72. authorize = commission (名词表示佣金) = entitle 授权，委托73. notion = reach perception = comprehension = intelligence = understanding 理解（力）74. small-scale 小范围 = marginal 边缘处的75. commit a crime = perpetrate a crime = offend against 犯罪delinquency = criminality = commitment = criminal = offense 罪犯76. trade = business = commerce = transaction = dealing 交易，贸易77. current = contemporary = nowadays = present 当前的78. reproduce = copy 表示“复制”的意思时 = breed 表示“繁殖”的意思时79. demolish = knock down = dismantle = ruin 毁坏，拆毁（建筑物）80. get rid of = eradicate = eliminate = remove = smooth away 消除81. rely on = depend on = count on 依赖82. give = offer = render = impart = provide 给予83. develop = cultivate = foster = nurture 发展，培养84. key = crucial = critical = pivotal = vital = substantial = indispensable = imperative 关键的85. protect = conserve = preserve 保护（资源）86. change = alter = modify = convert into = change = alter = vary = modify = transform = turn 转变87. allege = assert = declare = claim 声称88. appraise (appraisal) = assess (assessment) = evaluate (evaluation) = estimate (estimation) 评价89. assure = ensure = guarantee = pledge 确保90. abundant = copious = profuse = ample 丰富的91. baneful = evil = harmful = detrimental 有害的92. useful = helpful = beneficial = profitable = rewarding = advantageous = wholesome 有益的93. influence = impact = effect 影响94. 增长至：grow to = rise to = increase to = go up to = climb to = ascend to = jump to = shoot to95. 降低至：dip to = fall to = decline to = decrease to = drop to = go down to = reduce to = slump to = descend to = sink to = slide to96. 保持稳定: level out = do not change = remain stable = remain still = remain steady = be stable = maintain the same level = remain unchanged = be still = remain the same level = stay constant = keep at the same level = level off = stabilize = keep its stability = even out97. 急剧地: dramatically = drastically = sharply = hugely = enormously = steeply = substantially = considerably = significantly = markedly = surprisingly = strikingly = radically = remarkably = vastly = noticeably98. 平稳地: steadily = smoothly = slightly = slowly = marginally = gradually = moderately = mildly99. 占……(百分比): account for = occupy = represent = comprise = take up = account for = constitute = consist of = make up = compose100. 波动: fluctuate = go ups and downs = display/demonstrate a fluctuation。