第五次课
I.应该没有考Change of voice 被动语态和主动语态的变化
Four situations when passive voice is used in English:
1.When the agent is not known or is not necessary to know
2.When emphasis is on the action or the object rather than on the agent
3.When the speaker is not willing to reveal the agent
4.When use of passive constructions can help link the sentence with its context
可以翻译成英语被动句的汉语句子包括（反之亦然）：
1．有标志的汉语被动句：“受、挨、遭、遭受、被、得到、给、叫、让、由、为……所、加以、予以、等等”
2．无标志的汉语被动句：形式主动，意义被动
3．部分无主句可以翻译成英语被动句
4．一些习惯用语可以翻译成英语被动句或It句型：“有人、人们、大家”作主语；“据说、据报道、据推测、据估计、据信、可以肯定、必须指出、有人主张、众所周知
等等”
他粗心大意，应当受到批评。

不用被批评
He should be criticized for his carelessness.
这个问题必须在适当的时候予以处理。

不用被处理被动语态在翻译的时候尽量不用被字
The problem must be dealt with at an appropriate time.
代表将由民主协商选举产生。

The representatives will be elected after democratic consultation.
艾滋病病毒只能通过血液或其他体液传播。

The AIDS virus is only transmitted by blood and other body fluids.
血债要用血来还。

Blood debts will have to be paid in blood.
到现在为止还没有得出结论。

So far no conclusion has been arrived at.
为这事已经拨了大笔款项。

A large sum of money has been put aside for that purpose.
可以有把握地说，会议会如期举行。

It may be safely said that the meeting will be held on schedule.
人们发现橡胶是很好的绝缘体。

Rubber is found to be a good insulating material.
据说人在弥留之际都要回顾他的一生，就像看一部电影，一切都历历在目。

It is said a dying person tends to recollect his whole life, like seeing a film.
II.不考Positive and Negative ways of expressing an idea
Negation in translation: 正说反译/反说正译法。

为了使译文忠实而合乎语言习惯地传达原文的意思，有时必须把原文中的肯定说法变成译文中的否定说法，或把原文中的否定说法变成译文中的肯定说法。

有时，若从字面翻译，往往生硬别扭、词不达意，有时甚至违背原意。

但若从反面下笔，却能恰如其分地译出原意，且文笔流畅自然、文字精炼。

He would fight to death before he surrendered.
他宁可战死而决不投降。

His name just escaped me！
他的名字我一时记不起来了！
The window refused to open.
窗户打不开。

Yesterday he failed to get to school on time.
他昨天没有准时到校。

In the absence of a vaccine, how can HIV be stopped?
如果没有疫苗，如何阻止艾滋病毒传播？
Her conduct is above reproach.
她的行为无可指责。

We never know the worth of water till the well is dry.
井枯方知水可贵。

First catch your hare and then cook it.
不要操之过急。

（心急吃不了热豆腐）
Let bygones be bygones.
既往不咎。

This problem can never be taken too seriously.
这个问题无论怎样认真对待也不为过。

More：
Wait, John, I’m quite serious!
等一等，约翰，我可不是说/闹着玩的！
The chance was wholly denied to him.
这个机会与他完全无缘。

That sinking ship is beyond help!
那艘正在下沉的船是无法可救了。

Do not leave the office unless instructed to do so.
如果没有接到通知就不要离开办公室。

He is a poet worthy of the name.
他是位名不虚传的诗人。

He is often absent-minded.
他经常心不在焉。

We will live up to the expectations of our own people and the people throughout the world.
我们不会辜负全国人民和全世界人民对我们的期望。

That fellow is far from being honest.
那家伙很不老实。

The area is an ice-free port and a nuclear-weapon-free zone.
那个地区是不冻港和无核区。

But for the workers’ help, we should not have succeeded in this experiment.
没有工人们的帮助，我们这个实验便不会成功。

That’s a thing that might happen to anyone.
这种事情谁也难免碰上。

The mother gently disengaged her hand from that of her sleeping baby.
母亲小心翼翼地从熟睡的孩子手中抽出自己的手来。

Isn’t it funny?
真逗！
Mary lay awake almost the whole night.
玛丽躺在那儿，几乎一夜没合眼。

A new dignity crept into his walk.
他走起路来，不觉平添了几分尊严。

A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
双鸟在林不如一鸟在手。

一般来说，双重否定表示肯定two noes make a yes，但作为一种粗俗英语或亚标准英语，双重否定一直被以英语为母语的人们，特别是英语国家的不少劳动人民在使用，表示强调否定之义。

We never thought of nothing wrong.
我们从来没有想到有什么错误。

They would not eat themselves, and would not let others neither.
他们自己不吃东西，也不让别人吃。

还有一个技巧是division没有课件。