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英语语法--限定词,冠词

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2) 三类限定词的搭配关系 如果一个名词词组带有上述 三类限定词,其搭配关系总是按照“前位--中位- -后位”的顺序排列。 例如: all前the中four后teachers. all前your中three后books. all前these中last后few后days. 如果只有上述两类限定词, 其搭配关系仍按上述顺序。例如: half前his中lecture. those中last后few后months. several后hundred后guests. all 前other后students. such前a中misfortune. some中such后 alloy.



6〕能与单数名词和不可数名词搭配的限定词 有些限定词 如this, that, (the) least等能与单数名词和不可数名词搭配。 例如: (the) least sign (of prejudice), this / that job, (the) least knowledge, this / that work. 7〕能与复数名词和不可数名词搭配的限定词 还有些限定 词如a lot of, lots of, enough, more, most, such, other等可与复 数名词和不可数名词搭配。例如: a lot of books, a lot of money, lots of chickens, lots of food, plenty of chairs, plenty of water, enough copies, enough coal, more articles, more time, most people, most work, such men, such bread, other men, other bread. 不定量限定词less原先只与不可数名词搭配,但在现代英 语中,less既可与不可数名词也可与复数名词搭配。例如: less money, less mistakes.



2〕只能与单数名词搭配的限定词 有些限定词如: a(n), one, another, each, every, either, neither, many a, such a 等只能与单数名 词搭配。 例如: each worker, either book, an apple, another book, such a book, every student, neither sentence, one copy, many a book.






用不定冠词与单数可数名词搭配也可表示类别。 例如: My brother William is planning to be a lawyer. 我的兄弟 WILLIAM打算成为律师。 用零冠词与复数可数名词或不可数名词搭配,同样可以 表示一类的人或物。 例如: Doctors are badly needed at the front. 在前线医生是非常 地需要。 Carrots are my favorite vegetable. 胡罗卜是我最喜爱的蔬 菜。 Electricity is a form of energy. 电是能量的一种形态。 Unity is strength. 团结就是力量。
限定词

限定词(determiner)是在名词词组中对名词 中心词起特指(specific reference)、类指 (generic reference) 以及表示确定数量 (definite quantity) 和非确定数量(indefinite quantity) 等限定作用的词类.
英语中的限定词包括:

b) 前位限定词包括all, both, half; double, twice, three times, etc; one-third, two-fifths, etc; what, such, (a / an)等 c) 后位限定词包括one, two, three, etc; first, second, third, etc; next, last, other, another, etc; many, much, (a) few, (a) little, fewer, (the) fewest, less, (the) least, more, most; several, plenty of, a lot of, lots of, a great / large / good number of, a great / good deal of, a large / small amount of; such等


3) 只能与复数名词搭配的限定词 有些限定词如both, two, three, another two / three, many, (a) few, several, these, those, a (great) number of等只能与复数名词搭配。 例如: both workers, several students, a number of essays, many students, (a) few words, these / those books, two / three visitors, another two / three students.




如果只有上述两类限定词,其搭配关系仍按上述 顺序。 例如: those中last后few后months. several后hundred后guests. all前other后students.

由上述诸例可以看出,中位限定词之间和前位 限定词之间是互相排拆的,即一个名词中心词 之前不可并用两个中位限定词或两个前位限定 词。所以,“我的那本书”不是* my that book 而是that book of mine,因为my和that同是中位 限定词,不可同时并列。但后位限定词的使用 却不受此限。如:last few months, several hundred guests


1〕类指 类指是表示类别,也就是泛指一类人或物。不论是定冠词还是不 定冠词和零冠词都具有这种功能。 比如定冠词与单数可数名词搭配,往往可起类指的作用,常用于 正式语体。 例如: Galileo claimed that he had invented the telescope. GALILEO 声称他发明了望远镜。 The horse has been replaced by the railroad, the windship by the steamship. 铁路代替了马的作用,汽船代替了帆船。 定冠词与某些形容词或分词连用,表示类别或抽象概念,也是一 种类指用法。 例如: the rich 富人; the living 生者。表示一类人。 The sick have been cured, the lost have been found, and the dead have been revived. 病被治逾,失去的被找回来了,死亡被挽救回来了。 The true, the good and the beautiful would not exist without the false, the evil and the ugly. 没有欺骗、邪恶、丑陋就没有真实、善良和美 丽。

定冠词(definite article): the 不定冠词(indefinite article): a, an 零冠词(zero article) 物主限定词: my, your, his, her, our … 名词属格: John’s, my friend’s… 指示限定词: this, that, these, those, such… 关系限定词: whose, which… 疑问限定词: what, which, whose 不定限定词:no, some, any, each, every, enough, neither, either, all, both, half, several, many, much, (a) few, (a) little, other, another…
一、 限定词与三类名词的搭配关系 限定词的选择决定 于随后的名词的类别,是单数名词、复数名词,还是不 可数名词。 1〕能与三类名词搭配的限定词 有些限定词如the, some, any, no, other, whose以及my, your等物主限定词和名词属 格(John‘s, my friend’s〕等能与三类名词搭配。 例如: the book, my book, my friend's book, John's book, any book, some book, no book, the other book, whose book, the money, my money, my friend's money, John's money, any money, some money, no money, the other money, whose money.

a) 中位限定词包括a(n), the, zero; this, that, these, those; my, your, etc; Merry‘s, my friend’s; some, any, no, every, each, either, neither, enough; what(ever), which(ever), whose等

二、限定词与限定词的搭配关系 以上讲的是限 定词与三类名词的搭配关系。除上述搭配关系外, 限定词与限定词之间还存在着一定的搭配关系。 在名词词组中心词之前如果有两个或两个以上限 定词出现时,就会产生限定词的先后顺序问题。 按其不同的搭配位置,限定词可分为: 1〕中位、 前位、后位限定词 按照限定词与限定词之间不 同搭配位置,限定词可分为中位限定词、前位限 定词和后位限定词。
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