Book4 Module 1..1. have no alternative but (=have no choice but)除……外别无选择; 只要…… 2. alternative energy 可代替能源 3. analternativeplan 替代方案 4. load…withsth. 给… 装某物 load the truck with coal 给汽车装上煤 5. beonfire 着火(强调状态)6. catch fire 失火(强调动作,无被动语态)7. setfiretosth 放火烧某物8. command sb to do sth 命令某人做某事9. command that… (that 从句中要用should+动词原形,should 可省略) 10.freeofcharge免费,不花钱11.inchargeof负责，管理12.inthechargeof由…负责13.takechargeof负责管理,负责照顾 14.bechargedwith…充满15.attach sth to sth 把某物固定/附在某物上 16.attach oneself to 参加;和…在一起,缠着17.be attached to… 连在…上; 附属于….;系在……上18. attach importance/value to sth.认为某事很重要/有价值 19.forsure 肯定地,有把握地 20.sb. is sure to do sth 某人一定/肯定做某事 21.be sure + that-clause 确信,相信…… 22.make sure of /about sth 确保…… 23.make sure + that-clause 确保 24.sb. run out of sth 某人用完了某东西 25.sth.runout 某物用完了(没有了) 26.relyon/upon 依靠,信赖;取决于 27.rely on it that… 指望…..,对……不怀疑28. get rid of =rid…of 摆脱,丢掉;除去,赶走,消灭 29.with + 复合宾语结构,常用的结构形式有:①with+宾语+现在分词(强调宾语是现在分词动作的发出者或某状态、动作正在进行)②with+宾语+过去分词(强调宾语是过去分词动作的承受者或动作已经发生)③with+宾语+形容词(强调宾语的特性和状态)④with+宾语+副词⑤with+宾语+不定式(不定式动作尚未发生)⑥with+宾语+介词短语30. placeanorder订购31. carry out an operation做手术 32.beoptimisticabout… .对……乐观的 33.beoptimisticthat… 对…..乐观 34.in shape 处于良好状态,在形状上 35.intheshapeof 以….形状;呈……形 36.outofshape变形,走样 37.lookoutof 向……外看 38.lookout！ 小心，当心 Watch out! ; Be careful! Take care! 39.forastart 首先 40.to start with = to begin with 首先, 第一 41.from the start =from the beginning 从开头, 从开始42. on the way out 即将被淘汰; 即将过时 43.on the way n./pron./todoing 即将,来到,接近44. can’t…too 或never…too“不可能太….”,“再怎么….也不过分”45. Not all…=All…not…并非所有的Module 21. beondisplay展览 be on showbe on exhibition2. permit sb to dosth允许某人做某事3. permitdoingsth允许做某事 4. providesb with sth为某人提供某物provide sth for sb 5. sth impress sb 某物给某人留下影响sb be impressed by 6. impress sthonsb 使某人铭记= impress sb with sth7. sth is impressed on one’s mind某事被印在脑海里 8. have/leave/make/ a …impression on sb给某人留下…的印象 9. beconvenienttosb 对某人方便 10.It is convenient for sb 对某人方便 11.It is convenient to do sth 做某事方便 12.be convenient for sth 对某事方便 13. getaround=getabout到处旅游;四处走动14.beconnectedto/with与…..相连, 接通 15. bestuckin困住,动不了 16.getdressed穿衣 get washed洗脸getlost迷路 getmarried结婚getcharged充电getseparated被分散17. in notime马上,一会儿 18.ontime 按时 in time及时 19.onceuponatime从前 20.atthesametime与此同时at one time 曾经, 一度,从前有个时期at no time 决不,在任何时候都不 21.beworthdoing值得做…..be worth + n. = be worthy of + nsth. is worth doing = sth is worthy of being done = sth is worthy to be done 22.“祈使句 + and +简单句”可以改为if 条件句Think hard, and you’ll haveani de a . 使劲想，你就会有主意。

=23. “祈使句 + or +简单句”也可以改为if 条件句Listen to me, or you won’t understand. = 24.underconstruction 正在建设之中 25.belimitedto 局限于….. 26.inrushhours 处于交通高峰期 27.reactto… 对…产生反应react with sth. 与某物起（化学）反应 28.occur to sb (主意或想法突然)浮现与脑中, 被想起,被想到 29.It occurs to sb to do sth 某人想到……It occurs to sb that 30.have sth done 请别人做某事 31.keepcool保持冷静 keepquiet保持安静keepstill不动keepsilent保持沉默32.noway肯定不, 没门儿（用于句首时，句子要倒装）Module 31. varyin…在……方面不同 2. varyfrom…to…从…..到……变化3. vary with 随着….而变化,因….而不同4. involvesbin…允许某人参与 5. involveoneselfin… 积极参与…… 6. be/getinvolvedin… 被卷入到….之中 7. more than 不仅仅more than 100 = over 100 , 超过100 morethansurprised 十分/非常 吃惊more …than… 与其说…不如说…(强调前者)He was more an artist than a writer.8. on guard (保持)警惕;值班,站岗 9. on holiday 度假 on leave 休班 onduty 值班10. hold up 举起,抬起,承受住,支撑11. holdback阻挡holdon等会儿, 坚持hold down限制holdout维持 12.give away 泄露,出卖,暴露,让步,赠送,捐赠13. give off 发出(烟、光、热、气味等) 14.give out 发出;放出(消息、声音等);用完,耗尽15. mind reader 能看透别人心思的人16. make a deal 达成协议,做成交易17. communicate withsb和某人交流 18.bebusywithsth 忙于某事 19.shakehandswithsb 和某人握手 20.stareatsb/sth 注视着某人/某物 21.stare into the distance 凝视着远方 22.request sb to do sth 要求某人做某事 23.request that sb (should) do… 要求某人做某事 24.make a request for… 要求….. 25.at the request of sb 应某人的请求= at sb’s request 26.byrequest(of) 按要求 27.dosbafavour 帮某人一个忙28. ask sb a favour请某人帮个忙29.infavourof赞成30.do sb a favor = do a favorfor sb 帮某人的忙31.liftup举起;太高;吊起32.①upanddown上上下下②upanddown前前后后= back and forth= backwards and forwards③upanddown处处= here and there ④upanddown来来往往= to and from33. byaccident偶然地,无意地Module 41. experiment withsth. 用某物实验2. experiment on sth. 对某物进行实验3. carry outperforman experiment 做实验do make4. make a breakthrough 取得重大突破(进展)5. convertAinto/toB 把A 转换成B6. take the place of = replace 取代,代替7. in place of 取代,代替(介词短语)8. instead of 代替,而不是(介词短语)9. a quantity of + 不可数名词,谓语动词用单数10. quantities of+可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数quantities of+不可数名词,谓语动词用复数 11.bring up 抚育;教养,呕吐,提出(话题等) 12. bringdown降低 bring about导致,引起bring back 归还;恢复;回想bring in 赚(钱);带进;传入13. search for寻找 14.searchsb/sp搜查某人或某地 15.insearchof寻求/寻找……16. as a result of 由于…..的结果 as aresult 因此,结果 17.owing tothanks to 由于… due to because of 18.thekeyto… ……的关键the answer to the question 问题的答案notes tothetext 课文注释an end to the meeting 会议的结束the entrance to the building 大厦的入口 19.exportsthto 出口某物到…… 20.the second most important 第二重要的21.beinterestedin…对……感兴趣22.graduatefrom…..从…..(地方)毕业 23.escape from (out of)+sp.从某地逃脱;逃走 escape fromreality逃避现实 24.have a narrow escape九死一生 25. afireescape紧急出口;安全门26. clear up (天气)放晴;整理;收拾27. be knownfor因…..而出名/闻名be knownan以……而知名,著称beknownto为……所知28. earnone’s living谋生= make a livingget/gain aliving 谋生比较：live/lead a…life 过着…..的生活 29.cometopower 掌权;执政 30.takepower 取得政权 in power 当权,执政out of one’s power 不能胜任,力所不及 = beyond one’s power 31.It is possible that…. 可能…… 32.It’scertainthat... 一定…….=sb/sth is certain to do It’s certain that you’ll succeed. =33. It’s likely that……可能…..=sb/sth is likely to doIt’s likely that he isdoing his homework. = 34.Itseemsthat好像……=sb/sth seems to doIt seems that he knows thesecret. =35. atwar在交战中36. be diagnosed with 被诊断出…, 患有…37. become the voice of成为…的代言人38.partlybecauseof一部分因为Module 51. surround sbwithsb用某人包围某人 besurroundedbysb被某人所包围in thesurrounding 在周围环境 2. a narrow escape 九死一生 3. inthe distance 在远处,在远方from a distance 从一定距离,从远处at a distance 在一定距离处,隔一段距离keep sb at a distance 对某人冷淡;与某人保持距离4. at the edge of 在……的边缘（侧重于在边缘点上）on the edge of 在…边缘上（侧重在边缘较广阔的地域）5. at least = at the least至少6. not in the least = not all一点也不7. at most = at the most至多 8. be heavywith有大量的 9. make a detour绕道而行10. have fourweeks off休四周假11.gothrough穿过;经历 12.forbid sb to do sth禁止某人做某事 13.forbiddoingsth禁止做某事 14.requiretodosth要求去做某事 15.require sb to do sth要求某人去做某事 16.require that sb (should) dosth 要求某人做某事 17.sthrequiredoing 某物需要被做= sth require to be done 18.onaspot 在现场,当场 19.ripoff 敲竹杠;敲诈 20.ripsthoff 偷窃,盗取 21.getakickoutof 从……中得到乐趣 22.enjoydoing 喜欢干….. 23.befondof 喜欢….. 24.goinfor 爱好,从事Module 61. attack sb with sth用某物攻击某人2. be attacked with a disease患/害病3. makeanattackon/upon对…发动攻击4. a heartattack心脏病突发5. come into existence 开始存在;形成;成立6. a struggle for existence生存竞争7. calmdown(使)安静下来8. sb. is unlikelyto…某人不可能9. It is unlikelythat…不可能……be likelyto...可能…… 10.berelatedto与…有关,与…有联系11. relate sth to sth 把…..与……联系起来 12.There happens to be… 碰巧有…… 13.There appears to be… 似乎有…… 14.Thereseemstobe… 好像有 15.have the fortune (luck) to do sth幸好(幸运)做某事 16.makeafortune 发财 17.tryone’sfortune 碰碰运气 18.die out (家族、物种)灭绝;灭亡;(习俗等)渐渐消失(火)逐渐熄灭19. throw light on 帮助弄清楚;阐明某事20. come to light 暴露,被发现,表现出来21. bring tolight让人知道,公布于世22. come straight to the point谈正题;开门见山 23.beside/offthepoint不切正题,无关紧要 24.tothepoint切题,中肯25. be on the point of正要26. go for 适用于,应用于;喜欢,偏爱 27.adaptoneselfto使自己适应于…… 28.accordingto根据 29.beconnectedwith与…..有关系30. in order to = so as to 为了本模块重点语法一． 情态动词 + have + . 用法归纳 1. musthavedonesth. 肯定做了某事(表示对过去的某事做出肯定的判断)He knew the film. He must have seen it.2. may/might have done 可能/大概已经做了某事（表示对过去情况的可能性推测）Tom may have bought a new pen because I don’t see the old one.. 3. can’t/ couldn’t have done sth. 不可能已经做了某事 （表示对过去情况的否定性推测）The ground is dry, so itcan’t have rained last night. 4. should have done sth. 过去应该做某事（而没做）= ought to have done sth You are late. You should havecome 1 minute earlier.5. shouldn’t have done sth. 过去不该做某事（却做了） = oughtn’t to have done sth. She is crying. You shouldn’t have told her the sad news.6. could have done sth. 本来能够做（却没有做某事）7. needn’t have done sth. 原来不必做某事（却已经做了） Tom has bought a new pen. You needn’t have lent him your pen.8. would rather have done sth. 本来想做某事（却未做成）I would rather have come tohelp you with your English, but Iwas too busy at that time.二、情态动词表推测的其他用法1、情态动词 + 动词原形表示对现在或将来情况的推测2、情态动词 + be doing 表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测3、情态动词 + have been doing表示对过去正在发生的事情的推测。