Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Last summer, I had just enough money (21) _________ (save) to buy a golden ticket -- a 3-month train pass that would take me to the furthest reaches of Europe, Excited for my journey, I packed all the necessities -- (22) _________ the guidebook.While the convenience of the Internet was definitely a (23) _________ (contribute) factor to my decision not to carry the few expensive kilograms of out-of-date information in my suitcase, this was not the only reason I decided to fly solo.To be honest, my main problem with the guidebook is that I find it limits a journey -- like a bossy aunt (24) _________ is always telling you what to do, although she doesn’t always know that is best. Sometimes it’s better to read outside the lines. Sometimes it’s better not to read any lines at all.Experience has taught me that there is a distinction between a tourist and a traveler. While waiting in a queue to see Michel-angel’s David in Florence, I met (25) _________ man who had a checklist. He showed me his list of “Top 20 things to do in Italy” and boasted that he had seen everything Italy had to offer in just four days. The problem that I had with this man’s approach to travelling was (26) _________ he was focused on ticking the boxes which were provided by his guidebook. He (27) _________ (lose) in the list of the “must-sees” and blind to all that was happening around him.Guidebook - less (28) _________ we were, my companion and I tasted the joy of being a traveler when visiting Estonia, the Baltic country bordering Russia. Arriving on nothing more than a whim（突发的念头）, we had no option but (29) _________ (approach) some friendly faces for advice. We introduced ourselves and asked them what was happening around town. When this resulted in an invitation to a beautiful Estonian home by a river (30) _________ we enjoyed a 110-degree wood stove sauna（桑拿浴）locally picked forest-mushrooms and the good company of our five new found Estonian friend, we sure were glad we had left our bossy aunt at home.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The Internet, E-commerce and globalization are making a new economic age possible. In the future, capitalist markets will largely be replaced by a new kind of economic system based on networked relationships, __31__ arrangements and access rights.Has the quality of our lives at work, at home and in our communities increased in direct __32__ to all the new Internet and business - to - business Internet services being introduced into our lives? I have asked this question of hundreds of CEOs and corporate executives in Europe and the United States. Surprisingly, virtually everyone has said, “No, quite __33__.” They say they are working longer hours, feel more stressed, are more impatient, and are even less civil in their dealings with colleagues and friends -- not to mention strangers. And what’s more revealing, they place much of the blame on the very same technologies they are so __34__ supporting.The technological leader promised us that access would make life more convenient. Instead, the very technological wonders that were supposed to liberate us have begun to __35__ us in a web of connections from which there seems to be no easy escape.If an earlier generation was __36__ with the quest to enclose a vast geographic land, the .com generation, it seems, is more caught up in the colonization of time. Every spare moment of our time is being filled with some form of commercial connection, making time itself the __37__ of all resources.And while we have created every kind of labor-and time-saving device to serve our needs, we are beginning to feel like we have less time __38__ to us than any other humans in history. Maybe we need to ask what kinds of connections really __39__ in the e-economy age. If this new technology revolution is only about super efficiency, then we risk losing something even precious than time - our sense of what it means to be a(n) __40__ human being.Ⅱ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with word of phrase that best fits the context.Rewards and punishments are used in different ways by different communities to maintain social order and to preserve cultural values. In all cultures, parents must teach their children to __41__ the community’s moral rulesand to avoid danger. Adults also condition（训练）each observance of social norms, using methods ranging from __42__ forms of disapproval such looking away when someone makes an inappropriate remark, to putting to death individuals for behavior considered abnormal or dangerous. The caning（鞭打）of American teenager Michael Fay in Singapore in 1994 brought wide media attention to __43__ differences in the application of punishment. Faced with increasing violence at home, many Americans prove Singapore’s punishment to maintain social __44__. Was Fay’s punishment effective? Whether he __45__ avoids vandalism（故意破坏公物）is unknown, but the punishment did apparently lead to his avoidance of Singapore, which he left promptly.The techniques societies use to maintain social control __46__ in part with the dangers and threats that confront them. The Gusii of Kenya, with a history of tribal warfare, face threats not only from outsider but also from natural forces, including wild animals. Gusii parents tend to rely more on punishment and fear than on __47__ in conditioning appropriate social behavior in their children. Caning, food deprivation, and __48__ shelter and protection are common forms of punishment.__49__, the Mixtecans of Juxtiahuaca, Mexico, are a highly cohesive（有凝聚力的）community, with little internal conflict, and social norms that encourage __50__. Their social patterns appear __51__, for the Mixtecans are dominated by the nearby Spanish Mexicans, who control the official government and many economic resources in their region. The Mixtecans do not generally impose fines or fail sentences or use physical punishment to prevent aggression. Social rejection is the most feared punishment, and social ties within the community are very strong, so responses that __52__ these ties are effective in maintaining social order.In the United States, __53__ of social rejection was a more powerful force in maintaining control over antisocial behavior, especially in small communities. Today, even imprisonment does not appear to be an adequate __54__ to many forms of crime, especially violent crime. Although one reason is the inconsistent application of punishment, another may be the fact that imprisonment no longer carries the __55__ shame it once had, so that prison is not longer as an effective punishment.41. A. learn B. challenge C. observe D. revise42. A. routine B. traditional C. critical D. mild43. A. moral B. cultural C. historical D. religious44. A. service B. order C. welfare D. respect45. A. dramatically B. purposefully C. consequently D. specifically46. A. vary B. match C. cope D. meet47. A. threats B. conflicts C. rewards D. praise48. A. dominating B. neglecting C. preventing D. withdrawing49. A. For example B. On the contrary C. In contrast D. In fact50. A. competition B. bravery C. creativity D. cooperation51. A. adaptive B. simple C. orderly D. casual52. A. threaten B. strengthen C. loosen D. lengthen53. A. extent B. problem C. fear D. experience54. A. check B. clue C. impact D. judgment55. A. occasional B. weak C. constant D. intenseSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One picture in the Wonder Book of knowledge I had as a little boy showed a man reading a book while floating in the Dead Sea. What a miracle! How would it feel to lie back in water so thick with salt that it was impossible to sink?Fed by the Jordan River and smaller streams, the Dead Sea is the lowest point on the earth’s surface, and its water is ten times saltier than the Mediterranean. With evaporation its only outlet, salt and other minerals become super-concentrated.Earlier this year, I drove down the long, steep hill to realize my dream. The shoreline was a broad area of bare salt-mud, but the water edge was far out of sight. Had somebody pulled the Dead Sea’s plug? I wondered. Eli Dior, an Israeli official, explained the problem: “The Dead Sea is drying up. Every year, the surface drops about one meter, and as the water level falls, shadow areas are left high and dry.”Over the last half-century, the five neighboring countries have collectively diverted nearly all the water flowing into the Dead Sea to meet human and agriculture needs. Result: the Dead Sea is being emptied.With population in the region set to double at least in the next 50 years, there is little hope of restoring the water being diverted for human consumption. No country has a drop to spare for the Dead Sea, where they know it will just evaporate. To dream of opening the dams and restoring natural balance is plainly unrealistic.Yet one ambitious high-tech dream may turn out to be not only the salvation of the Dead Sea but also atickets to peace around its shores. The “Red-Dead” is a proposed $5 billion project to bring sea water some 240 kilometers by pipeline and canal from the Red Sea to the Dead Sea. The Red-Dead may be the only solution, but even if the project is carried out successfully, the Dead Sea will be 10 to 20 meters lower than now and two thirds of its current size.Whatever the future holds, the Dead Sea’s magical mix of sun, mud, sea and salt will surely survive. Many might complain that the Dead Sea is half empty - but for me the Dead Sea will always be half full.56. What’s the passage mainly about?A. Dead Sea - miracle of the world.B. Save the environment of the Dead Sea.C. Slow shrinking of the Dead Sea.D. Why is the Dead Sea so salty.57. The shrinking of the Dead Sea is mainly caused by _________ according to the passage.A. a severe reduction of the water flowing into the seaB. rapid evaporation of the water in the Dead Sea areaC. the increasing quantity of water drawn from the seaD. very low annual rainfall in the Dead Sea Area58. Which of the following is right according to the passage?A. With no outlet to any ocean, the Dead Sea has become by evaporation most dense waters on earth.B. Though burdened with the growing population, the neighboring countries haven’t cut off the sources of the Dead Sea.C. All the countries in the area will consider diverting less water from the Jordan River.D. The Red-Dead Project has not only brought water to the Dead Sea, but peace to the area as well.59. Which of the following statements will the author approve of ?A. If the Dead Sea dried up, great natural disasters would happen in the region.B. The Dead Sea will not survive no matter what people do to save it.C. The five neighboring countries should stop diverting water from the Jordan River.D. Though the Dead Sea is shrinking gradually, it will not die.(B)60. Which of the following four applicants is more likely to be recruited?A. A college graduate now working in a hospital specializing in cancer treatments.B. A student studying in the Universities de Montreal.C. An undergraduate majoring in clinical medicine.D. A postgraduate fascinated with cancer treatment.61. According to the recruitment notice, which of the following is not true?A. applicants invited to the event can stay in a hotel for 4 nights free of charge.B. during the four days, every applicant will have an individual interview.C. all the activities during the four days are aimed for the participants to know more about IRIC.D. applicants must send applications before March the 12th ,2018, 5 p.m.62. Where can we find the recruitment notice?A. In the university newspaperB. On the university websiteC. In the classified ads section of a local newspaperD. In a book on immunology and cancer(C)Mental illness and disability were family problems for English people living between 1660 and 1800. Most women and men who suffered from mental illness were not institutionalized as this was the period before the extensive building of mental hospitals. Instead, they were housed at home, and cared for by other family members.Now a new study of Cambridge historian Dr. Elizabeth Foyster will reveal the impact on families of caring for mentally ill and disabled relatives.Much has been written about the insane themselves but few studies have considered mental illness from the perspective of the carers. The lifetime burden of caring for those individuals whose mental development did not progress beyond childhood, and who contemporaries labeled as ‘idiots’ or ‘fools’, has been little explored by historians. Foyster’s research, which has been funded by the Leverhulme Trust, will carefully examine the emotional and economic consequences for families at a time when the Poor Law bound them to look after their mentally ill and disabled family members.By asking key questions about the impact of ‘care in the community’ in the 18th century, Foyster hopes that her research will bridge social and medical history. Specifically, she aims to provide an historical perspective for contemporary debates such as how resources can be stretched to provide for children with leaning difficulties and an aging population.“The stresses and strains of family were worsened by high infant mortality and low life expectancy, and many individual s were pushed towards mental breakdown,” she explained. “Moreover, inherited conditions, senility（高龄）and what today would be described as ‘special needs’ could put great emotional demands on family members who had primary responsibility for their sick or disabled relatives.”The research will shed light upon how caring for the mentally ill and disabled raised difficult issues for families about the limits of inter-generational responsibility, and whether family ties were weakened or strengthened by the experience. The questions of how far shame was attached to having insanity or idiocy within a family, and at what point families began to seek outside help, will also be addressed.“The family must have seemed an inescapable feature of daily life between 1660 and 1800,” said Foyster. “Although there were those who were abandoned and rejected, for the majority, mental disability was accommodated within the family unit. I aim to get to the heart of what this really meant for people’s lives.”63. Which is NOT the reason why whose mentally ill and disabled were not institutionalized from 1660 to 1800?A. Mental illness and disability were family problems then.B. The extensive building of mental hospitals didn’t start yet.C. They were abandoned by the government and the family.D. The family would be found guilty if they didn’t care for them.64. Why does Foyster want to carry out this study?A. Because the stresses and strains of family life have driven many people crazy.B. Because it can provide some food for thought for some current social issues.C. Because she’s looking for ways to communicate with the sick or disabled people.D. Because the limits of inter-generational responsibility in such families, interest her.65. Which question will NOT be studies in the research?A. How should resources today be stretched to provide for an aging population?B. How did caring for the sick and disabled affect the family’s earning power?C. How shameful did a family feel when their insane or disabled relatives were found out?D. At what point did those families have to begin to look for outside help?66. The passage is written in order to _________.A. reveal the impact on families of caring for mentally ill and disabled relativesB. provide an historical perspective to contemporary debatesC. shed light upon whether family ties were weakened or strengthenedD. introduce a new historical study carried out by a Cambridge historianSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Many people go through life’s usual phases of ups and downs, which are common and normal stages in life, but when your self-esteem is low, you may need to know how to boost your self-esteem, since it can lead to problem you may not have thought of.Self-esteem is the measurement or the value of how a person knows his worth and its effects are life-changing and dramatic, since it makes up a person’s attitude and outlook towards life. (67) _________ But when self-esteem is low, you can either sulk and be sad or be afraid to try out new things or takes risks and chances with your love-life, career, relationships and self-improvement.Self-esteem plays a key role in the maturity of a person, especially when trying to get away from a dangerous situation, going through a series trial in life. Our normal responses to these circumstances and situations are governed by how we value ourselves and how our decisions are dictated by these conditions.Faced with tough decisions in life, the more self-esteem one has, the better,. It is for that person to make sound decisions, even in the face of peer pressure or stress at work and at home. Let us try to look into some of the common and best practices which have been and tested to boost self-esteem.Always compliment yourself daily, especially by trying to look for specific task you did well for that day and congratulate yourself for it. (68) _________ List down all things you are good at doing and achieving, be it a talent, skill, sport or building up other people.You can add focus to these good points and fuel our passion to do better and make you not only understand yourself more, but also give you the true meaning and measurement of self worth and this is how you see yourself as important.Appreciation of one’s physical appearance and bearing can also be your source of self-esteem, be it the size and shape of your body, your overall physical structure or unique features. Your body can be your source of pride and will help you understand how you would like others to see you, or work on your physical appearance to boost self-morale and satisfaction.Sometimes when you tend to see things in a different light or perspectives from others, don’t makes too much on making sure that what you think will cause things to change. (69) _________When you have self-esteem you will realize that what you did was right and was made under your own food judgment, sound principles and concepts based on your personal outlook and attitude towards life.Do not let negative feedback affect you. Of course, one cannot help but feel bad about negative comments or reactions, but you have to consider that these are tests against your character and personality. (70) _________ So try to look at yourself and see, and if you feel less important or are not satisfied with how you see and look at things, then think about ways on how to boost your self-esteem. You’ll thank yourself for it.Ⅱ. Summary writingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.For decades, it has been common practice for rich countries to give aid to their poor counterpart. However, in recent years there has been a growing belief that international aid could be harmful to the recipients. I agree that giving aid to poor countries could do more harm than good.It is true that foreign aid has some benefits. Poor countries can use financial aid to build infrastructure such as roads and schools, thereby facilitating economic growth. Millions of Africans now have access to clean water well, built with aid money, when previously many of them got sick drinking filthy water. When natural disasters strike poor countries, it is common for the international community to send medical assistance and food to them, thus helping to relieve the suffering of those affected and save lives.However, international aid has far more drawbacks. Around the globe countries are often troubled by poor governance, and it is likely that aid to these countries will end up being embezzled（盗用）by corrupt officials, rather than bringing real, concrete benefits to people in need. In war-torn areas, financial assistance may even by used to purchases weapons and in effect fuel conflicts. Foreign aid also has the effect of disrupting the local markets of the recipient countries. When farmers can receive free food on a regular basis they may lose the incentives to grow food an their own. This will hinder the growth of the food industry and create a culture of dependence that is harmful to acountry’s long-term development.In summary, though international aid does have its positive aspects, these remain limited in both scope and scale. In many cases, giving aid to poor countries often defeats its purpose, and governments the world over should be prudent（谨慎的）when it comes to sending and receiving aid.Ⅱ. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words in the brackets.72. 缺乏足够的训练让他与金牌失之交臂。