第一讲定语从句一、改正下列句子中的唯一错误：1.. We have learned much from the voluntary activity, who offers us an opportunity to contribute to society.【答案】(非限制性定语从句）who改为which【解析】句意：从志愿者活动中我们学到了很多，这也给我们提供了一个给社会做贡献的机会。
分析句子结构可知，逗号后面是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为the voluntary activity,表示活动，故用which。
2. I have lent a helping hand to her in several English activities of my class, that has been appreciated by both teachers and classmates.【答案】(非限制性定语从句）that改为which【解析】句意：在我的许多课堂活动中，我多次给予她帮助，这已经得到了老师和同学们的认可。
分析句子结构可知，that has...classmates是非限制性定语从句，根据语境可知，应用which引导。
3. On the other hand, I can see the singers' stories, who are so inspiring.【答案】(非限制性定语从句）who改为which【解析】句意：另一方面，我能看到歌手们的故事，这些故事很鼓舞人心。
分析句子结构可知，第二个逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行stories 指物，关系词在从句中作主语，故用which。
4. My father, a scientist, works to save rare birds, some of that are really clever and can even say some words.【答案】(非限制性定语从句）that改为which【解析】句意：我的父亲是一位科学家，他从事拯救稀有鸟类的工作，有些鸟真的很聪明，甚至可以说一些单词。
分析句子结构可知，some of that are really...words是非限制性定语从句，指代先行词birds的关系词在从句中作of 的宾语，故用which。
5. It's my sincere hope that you can spare some time for a visit to Tianjin again, where has changed a lot since 2015.【答案】(非限制性定语从句）where改为which【解析】句意：我真诚地希望你可以抽出时间再次参观天津，它自2015年来发生了非常大的变化。
分析句子结构可知，where has change a lot since 2015是非限制性定语从句，先行词是Tianjin,指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。
6. According to my own experience, I want to say a few words to those who have the same trouble like I did.【答案】(限制性定语从句）like改为as【解析】句意：根据我自己的经验，我想对那些和我有同样麻烦的人说几句话。
"the same...as..."意思是“同……是一样……”，此处as是关系代词，与the same搭配，引导定语从句。
7. It is known to us, drunk driving is terrible behavior which possibly threatens the safety of people, including the driversthemselves.【答案】(非限制性定语从句）It改为As【解析】句意：众所周知，酒后驾驶是一种可怕的行为，它可能会威胁到人们的安全，包括司机自己。
分析句子结构可知，前后两个句子间无连接词，It is known to us应是非限制性定语从句，表示众所周知，应用as is known to us/as we all know8. What's more, I've made many friends, that share the same interest with me.【答案】(非限制性定语从句）that改为who【解析】分析句子可知，that share the same interest with me是非限制性定语从句，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指人，关系词在从句中作主语，故用who。
9.Those which have computers in my class are spending too much time on computer games.【答案】( (限制性定语从句）which改为who【解析】分析句子可知，which have computers in my class为定语从句，先行词those指人而非事物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故把which改为who。
10. And for any of you are seriously considering becoming volunteers, there are application forms on the table in front of the stage.【答案】( (限制性定语从句）you后加who【解析】分析句子可知，are seriously considering becoming volunteers是缺少主语的定语从句，先行词you指人，故在you后加who。
11. Unfortunately, they had a troublesome neighbor, that was rather noisy at night, making it hard for them to fall asleep.【答案】( (非限制性定语从句）that改为who【解析】分析句子可知，that was rather noisy at night是非限制性定语从句，先行词neighbor指人，关系词在从句中作主语，故把that改为who12. I'm so grateful to all these people, with whom help I have been accustomed to the local culture and gained a lot of knowledge.【答案】( (非限制性定语从句）whom改为whose【解析】先行词people与定语从句中的名词help之间是所属关系，故把whom改为whose。
13 . There are many problems when I am abroad alone , especially when I am in the Czech Republic, its official language is not English.【答案】( (非限制性定语从句）its改为whose【解析】句中Czech Republic后面是逗号，不是并列句，故Czech Republic应是先行词，第二个逗号后应为非限制性定语从句，故把its改为whose,作定语修饰language。
14. The museum, which main task is to spread the knowledge of science and technology, covers an area of 48,000 square meters.【答案】( (非限制性定语从句）which改为whose【解析】句意：那个以传播科技知识为主要任务的博物馆占地48000平方米。
分析句子可知，which main task is to spread the knowledge of science and technology是非限制性定语从句，先行词The museum与main task是所属关系，故把which 改为whose。
二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词：1.Written Chinese has also become an important means by ___________________ China's pres connected with its past. 【答案】which【解析】句意：书面汉语也成为将中国的现在与过去联系起来的重要手段。
定语从句修饰先行词means,关系词在从句中作介词by的宾语，此处是“介词+关系代词which"引导的定语从句。
2.They're related to China's high-tech innavation,___________________ has improved the quality of people's lives, according to a survey made by the Belt and Road Research Instit Beijing Foreign Studies University.【答案】.which【解析】句意：根据北京外国语大学”一带一路“研究院的一项调查，它们与中国的高科技创新有关，高科技创新提高了人们的生活质量。
根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词high-tech innovation,关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。
3.To Chinese people, seals are the art of deep cultural roots, ___________________ combine the essence of both calligraphy(书法）and sculpture and inspire generations to study,to appreciate and to collect.【答案】which【解析】句意：对中国人来说，印章是一种有着深厚文化底蕴的艺术，它融合了书法和雕塑的精髓，激励着一代又一代的人去学习、去欣赏、去收藏。
空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，先行词seals指物，故填which。
4.In fact, IELTS is the only English language test ___________________ is accepted by countries that require immigrants. 【答案】that【解析】句意：事实上，雅思是需要移民的国家唯一接受的英语语言测试。