Lesson 1perilously: dangerously; riskyAilment: mild illnessaffluence: wealth; abundancepreoccupy: (often passive) if something preoccupies somebody, they think or worry about it a lot 使专心于，迷住preoccupation n. 全神贯注，出神，急务meek：patient and mildinherit the earth: to control the worldenvy: to wish that you had sb‟s possessions, abilities,contemporary: somebody who lives at the same time as someone elseutility: usefulnessaugment: ( stress on 2nd syllable) increasebe in question: being concerned, discussed (cf：out of question: no doubt ;out of the question：impossibleformula: solutionfecundity: reproductionfecund: able to produce many children, young animals, or crops, fertilegrievously: in grief; seriously; causing great painbreed: to produce young childsubsistence: the condition of having enough money, food, etc., to stay aliveameliorate: improve; amelioration: improvementundue: excessive; not reasonable or suitablerepair to: go to (a particular place)denial: denial of poverty overriding: prevailing, dominantextrude: to pull something out through a home by force；expel; force outamorphous: having no definite shape or features; vagueinterfere with: to prevent something from happening as planned or succeedingAnxiety can interfere with children‟s performance at school.cf. interfere in: to deliberately get involved in a situation be inconsistent with: be incompatible with, be contradictory to The accounts of the witnesses are inconsistent. His conduct was inconsistent with what is expected of a Congressman.a substantial measure of: a considerable amount ofsuspend :to officially stop something from continuing, esp. for a short timeproceed: to continue to do sth that has already been planned or started (In this context, to happen / exist as a result of sth)on behalf of: in the interest of, as the representative ofinherently: by nature; naturally (inherent: inborn, natural)succor: to help; aidallegation: statement without proofBe replete with: (adj. phrase) full of; well-filled/supplied withdedicate: (dedication)1) to say that something (book, film, song, etc.) has been written, made, or sung to express love, respect, etc. for somebody..2) to spend all your time on, put all your efforts into particular thingaberration: action or event that is different from what usua. happens or what sb usua. Does; departure from what is correcta temporary aberration in US foreign policyaberrant behaviormorale (…on 2nd syllable) the amount of confidence and optimism that people have斗志，士气(cf: moral/immoral/morality/mortal/mortality死亡数/mortgage)seduce: to tempt/persuade sb to do sth wrong 吸引，引诱，勾引inflict: to make sb suffer sth unpleasantadverse: unfavorableincentive: stimulus; sth that encourages you to work harder, start a new activity, etc.feckless: lacking determination, achieving nothing in life; weakmanifestation: one of the different ways in which sth can appearfigure: important personidle away: spend time doing nothingscandalous: disgraceful; shockingenduring: lasting, permanenttransparent: clear, obviousenhancement: improvementimpoverish: to make sb very poorcover: sth used to hide sth else that is bad, illegal; excuseshow affection. resort to: make use of for helpOfficials fear that extremists may resort to violence.We hope they will be able to resolve the situation without resorting to force.decline: Car sales have declined by a quarter. (decrease)The minister declined to comment about the progress of the peace talk. (refuse to do something) ( n. fall into a ~: lose strength; on the ~: declining)resolve to: be determined to do something、resolve to: 打定主意明确表示决定/决心做/不做settle: 专指在一段时间的犹豫不决或争论之后作出的明确最终的选择。
He had considered a number of jobs before settling on a career of advertising.decide: 表示对引起疑惑、犹豫、争论等的各种因素考虑后作出或多或少合乎逻辑的决定，使疑惑解除，争论平息。
After talking the matter over, we decided against the plan.We can‟t ~ what to do at the critical moment.She decided to help him. - She finally ~d on the blue one. determine: 表示“做决定”时，含有确定某事物的特征、范围、方向等义。
One decides to give a dinner party but determines the guests to be invited.be determined to do: 表示决定性的选择、目的、信念，语气较强。
save: exceptdescent: (descend/descendant) handing down; sth that develops fromcelebrated: renown; famouscontemplate: consider…as a possibilityscrap: get rid of; cancel (cf scrape: touch)triage: (stress on the 2nd syllable) the French for “selection.” in English this word is used primarily in medical or military contexts, meaning that very badly injured or wounded individuals who seem unlikely to survive are left aside in order to treat thosemore likely to survive.救治优先voice: spokesmanunparalleled: incomparable无与伦比的circles: a group of peoplehigh circles: a group of people of high social classes, rankscompassion: sympathyparadox: a statement that seems impossible because it contains two opposing ideas that are both true悖论The paradox is that fishermen would catch more fish if they fished less.More haste, less speed.tranquil: pleasantly calm, quiet, and peacefultranquility: calmness; peaceyearn for: to have a strong desire for sth; long forLesson 2the wilds: uninhabited or uncultivated regionclaim 1To state that something is true, even though it has not been proved声称，断言2 To officially demand money from others because you have a right to it提出要求，索取3To state that you have a right to have something, that it is legally yours认领stake one’s claim: show/say that you have a right to be sth or to have sth坚持对…的权利/所有权，提出对…的要求taste : a short experience of something to show what it is like体验overlap1) If two or more things overlap, part of one thing covers part of another thing2) If two subjects, ideas overlap, they include some but not all of the same thingbrittle: crisp；hard, easily brokenin the line of: in the direction of（in/out of line with: in agreement/dis~ with）mean: inferior; low in quality/value / importanceterritory: land under one ruleruninviting: not pleasant, unattractivebe set about with: be surrounded byroost: nest; a perch on which domestic fowls can restin season: (of fruit, vegetable) growing now and available in large amount 上市，旺季，时令（opp: out of season in/out of place/style/fashion)game: wild animals/birds hunted for foodturn over: turn upside down; invertwhimper: cry softlytease: to laugh at, make fun of, to annoy deliberatelybefall: happen ton. key up: to make sb tense or excited, as in anticipationand all: et ceteraroomy: spaciousoutfit: equipmentapiece: adv. for each onebedding: sheets, covers, etc. that you put on a bedprovisions: food and other necessary supplies, esp. for a tripimplement: tool, simple piece of equipmentammunition: supply of bulletway off: far away in distancebackwoods: heavily wooded area far away from townreplenish: to put new supplies into sth, or to fill sth again More vaccines（疫苗）are needed to replenish our stocks.stock: a supply of a particular type of thing that a shop has available to sellstock with: to fill sth with a supply of sth. else; supply withadjoin: be next to and connected toout: endedunsettled: not populated, uninhabitedstrike camp: remove all the tents卸下帐篷pitch camp: put up tent 支起帐篷（para.11）spray: arrangement of flowers or leavestreat: 1) something special that you give somebody or do for somebody, because you know they will enjoy it2) an event that gives you a lot of pleasure and is usually unexpected乐事3) a special food that tastes good, especially one you do not eat very oftengrove: piece of landresume: start doing sth again after interruption.(cf. résumé /assume/presume/ presumably )free-roaming: moving freely, aimlesslybug at: (eyes) open wide, as in amazementin clusters：in groupslush: having luxurious vegetationburly: big and strongbloom: be in blossom (cf.loom/boom/broom )trail: path, track in the woods (cf: travial a./trifle n.sth unimportant /trial n.para14/trace) infamous: notorious; well known for sth badacquaint: vs. need to acquaint myself with the new regulations. You should acquaint the police treachery: betrayal of trust 背信弃义seclude: separate, isolate from the crowdpersist: (~ in doing; insist on doing; stick to)1)continue to do sth2) (sth bad) continue to happen / exist If the pain persists, you must see a doctor.be susceptible to: be easily influenced / affected by (cfsustainable/suspicious/suspension暂缓) execute: ①to kill as a punishment ②carry out; perform eg. ~duty/a painting/an order (cf. excuse/prosecute迫害/excerpt n.节录/exempt免除，豁免~from/excursion短程旅行) invalid: ①not legally effective ②sb who is sick or injured, esp. permanentlyWithout the right date stamped on it, your ticket will be invalid.adore: love somebody very muchintrigue: (be ~d with: be interested in)1) (something) interests somebody Those ancient buildings always intrigued her.2) to make secret plans to harm somebody- While King Richard was abroad, his courtiers had been intriguing against him.dock: come to a docktrepidation: great fearproduce: farm productsstranglehold: action that restricts freedom; controlunscrupulous: dishonestcrook: dishonest man, using their position or power for their own personal advantagecanvas seats for chairs - for: role, function (of sth or sb)supplement: to add sth to - Mary supplemented her regular salary by tutoring in the evenings. the blind: a small shelter, where you can watch birds, animals, without being seen by them quack us awake: waken us by quackingsmother: to kill by stopping the breath of or keeping the air from使窒息，闷死excursion: a short journeytidal creek: the water of the creek rises and falls regularly涨退潮的小溪crack shot: skillful, expert at shooting; master shot 神枪手gluttony /‟glΛtəni/ : habit of eating too muchsumptuous: lavish, luxurious, expensive, costly e g：A sumptuous dinner costs me ￥10,000. safe and sturdy: strong and solid, not easily damaged (alliteration)a flock of: a group of birds a flock of birds / sheep / goats a shoal / school of fish a herd of cattlea swarm of bees / locust a pack of wolveshaven/’heivən/: a place where people or animals are safe from danger/troubleby the hour: for hours at a timememorable: very good, enjoyable and worth rememberingunrelenting: not diminishing in intensitydeliver: ①to help a woman give birth to a baby 助产②~ a baby③~ a speech④~ a fridge mishap/’mishæp/: an unlucky accidentwithout mishap: without trouble, safelylet the matter drop: to let it be, do nothing aboutsettle an account: to end a disagreement with sb by defeating himstrident: harsh-soundingA smile broke on Watson's face: emergegrin: smile broadly to expose the teethnonchalant: indifferent。