Translation concerning negationAims: to understand the features of Chinese and English as regards negation, the application of negation in the process of translationKey points: the application of negation in the process of translationDifficulties: affirmative 肯定in Chinese but negative in English, negative in Chinese but affirmative in EnglishTeaching procedures:Negation being an important conception in one’s expression of thoughts, expressions of negations is to be found in any tongue. This is naturally true of Chinese and English. However, the ways of indicating negation are quite different in the two languages. This frequently causes a lot of trouble to translators, who if not careful enough, would often make mistakes.1. Features of the two languages as regards negation●1. Both languages have negatives or expressions formed with negatives. In modern Chinese, the much-used negative words are: 不,没,别. These words express three different meanings: 不signifies表示denial of a statement;没denial of a being or occurrence(,非and 否can be put under this category);别dissuasion or prohibition(甭,勿,and 莫can be put under this category)●The oft-used negatives in English are “not”, and “no”, in addition to “nothing”, ”nobody” “none”, “without”, “ neither…nor”, “never”, etc.●Chinese negatives are generally capable of producing derivatives, particularly the word 不, 无and 非. Their derivatives are equivalent to English words formed by adding affixes, e.g. 不法unlawful, 不便inconvenient, 无边boundless,非正规军irregulars●In English, apart from using negatives to express negation, words with a negative sense can be formed by adding affixes to roo t words. The affixes thus used are mainly “less”suffix “un” “in”, and “non”●However, English words formed with affixes with a negative, while adjective and nouns formed with “un” such as “unavoidable” and “unbelief” are negative, for instance, verbs forme d with affixes such as “unclasp” and “uncork” affirmative.●In Chinese, words formed with negatives are generally negative in sense but in some cases they assume new meaning like 非常, which practically means 很.●In English, the same word formed with a different affix differs in meaning (compare discord with uncord). Sometimes, words formed with different affixes 词缀with a negative sense would produce words with different implications含义---derogatory贬义and the other non-derogatory褒义. For instance, immoral means 不道德,and is therefore derogatory while unmoral means 非道德,无道德观念的,and is therefore non derogatory. 1．W arm-up exercises2．I don't’ think Tom is correct.3．I don’t think Xiaoming is coming tomorrow.4．A re you not going tomorrow?---- No, I am not going .5．A frica is not kicking out W estern imperialism in order to invite other new masters.6．T he world today is far from peaceful.7．O ur PLA is worthy of being called a great army of the people.8．H e tried his best to overcome the lack of technical data.9．T he window refused to open.10．Y esterday he failed to get to school on time.11．They excluded children from getting in.12．The building is in a state of neglect.13．He is often absent- minded.14．To do this is beyond me.15．Lei Feng’s noble deeds are above all praise.16．I, rather than you , should do the work.17．The truth is quite other than what you think.18．She refrained from laughing.19．She was refused admitance by them.20．An opportunity is not likely to repeat itself.21．Live up to the expectations of our own people and the people throughout the world.22．Slips are scarely avoidable when you are new to your work.23．The meetings were marked by such an absence of lively discussions that at times they were almost on the piont of breaking up.24．Avoid operating the keys roughly.25．The scientists made a solemn plege at the conference, saying, “W e’ll forever live up to what our Party expecs of us.”26．The evidence is conclusive, excluding all possibilities of doubt.27．That fellow is far from being honest.28．Luan Ping stood still, trying vainly (in vain) to answer the battery of questions Y ang Zirong raised.29．That served to strenghen instead of weaken our determination.30．But for their help. W e should not succeeded in this experiment.31．All that glitters is not gold.32．All is not lost.33．All criminals are murderers.34．But aal men are born to reign.35．All that flatter you too much are not faithful friends.36．Both children are not clever.37．W e never thought of nothing wrong.我们从来没有想到有什么错误。