认知策略：语境根据上下文里的同（近）义或反义成分为了避免重复，作者经常用不同的词表达同一个概念或意义。
这为我们猜词义提供可很好的线索，请看下面例子：Mr. Williams bought an estate with a fine brick house in England . He bought a beautiful home with white walls and a pool in Spain .从例子中可知， Mr. Williams 在 England 买了 house ，在 Spain 又买了home ，这表明 estate 应该就是跟房子有关的，比如“房产”。
练习题：key1 With the combination of intelligence and manual skill,people have found ways to use plant and animal resources.key2 At the least, it explains the greater job stability in Japan ,in contrast to the great job mobility in America .key3 Where the American is pressing for a specific decision, the Japanese is trying to devise a rather broad direction.4 The direction of the meeting is a mutual attempt to reducekey differences and achieve harmony.5 We did not dismiss these people; rather we had them becomekey securities sales people.6 When we are together there's no competition; neither of uskey feels better than or inferior to the other.7 One of these days these animals will just vanish from thekeyface of the earth and never be seen again.8 We don't serve anything fancy , just plain, ordinary food. key根据上下文关联信息的指代关系根据上下文中的指示代词、连词等功能词，往往能够确定单词与单词之间的关系，从而猜测单词的意思。
请看下面例子：The first animals on this living sphere , the Earth, were primitive marine animals, and then around 500 million years ago these sea animals developed shells.如果例子中的 sphere 对部分同学来说是生词，那么可以这样去猜测：在 the living sphere 后面有一个词 the Earth, 根据语法分析， the Earth 就是作 the living sphere 的同位语。
大家都知道这个词是“地球”的意思，地球是圆的，那么我们可以猜 sphere 应该就是“圆形球体”的意思。
请再看一个例子：Susan went to the shop and bought some bananas, mangoes, and rambutans.很有可能这里的 rambutans 对很多同学都是生词。
但是从上下文可以断定rambutans 是 Susan 在商店里买的东西之一。
另外，连词 and 把 rambutans 与 bananas 和 mangoes 连在一起，说明 rambutans 肯定是与 bananas 和mangoes 相似或对等的东西。
bananas, 和 mangoes是热带水果，那么 rambutans 是不是热带水果呢？又是百分之百正确。
至于是什么水果可以不管。
练习题：１． The Tokyo Stock Exchange often has between 200 andkey300 million transactions a day. This volume is manytimes more than that of the New York Stock Exchange.２. There are mysterious and strange things going onkeyout there.3. I think it may have something to do with my love of keyremote places, my love of mountains rather than cities.4. He was under the threat that his aged mother wouldkeybe killed.根据上下文中的词汇搭配猜词义词与词之间的搭配不仅有规律，而且搭配的方式也是有限的。
比如能够跟在动词 drink 后面的名词为数不多，基本上都是水和饮料之类的东西。
如果某个生词紧接在 drink 之后，基本上可以断定这个词表示某种可以喝的东西。
当然，也可以根据后面的词猜测前面的词的意思。
请看下面的例子：The police's suspicion of Anthony Williams was aroused when they discovered that his deposits in the bank were very large.这里的 suspicion 对某些学生来说是生词，从上下文很容易猜测它的词义。
在这句话里 Suspicion 与 arouse （引起）搭配，警察局对Anthony Williams 的什么被引起了呢？根据后半句知道，警察局发现Anthony Williams 在银行的存款巨大，那应该是对他的资金来源起了怀疑，故“ suspicion ”是“怀疑，嫌疑”的意思。
练习题：I want to express my gratitude for your support when I wasdown. keyTake this medicine and it will ease the painkey Education should aim to cultivate children's mind to itsutmost potential key Bernard has earned admiration at Westminster with his goodhumor.keyThe man walked slowly to the door and inserted a key into the lock. keyA politician must be able to withstand public criticism.keyShe must have looked down at the dog and seen the blood stains onhis trousers. key认知策略：联想同类词法同类词联想学习方法很多，其中一种叫单词网络（network），即把同类词按照意思的层次关系设计成一个网络状。
下面是两个利用单词网络的house词汇学习活动：例:下面的单词都是与哺乳动物、鸟类和昆虫有关的名称。
请你根据单词网络的示意把单词填入适当的椭圆里；然后请你再画几个椭圆并填入类似的英语单词。
Dragonfly ，Butterfly, Swallow ， Pigeon ， Whale ， Bat ， Geese ， Duck ， bee ， Eagle ，Rat ， Donkey ， Hen ， Turkey ， Ant练习：下列单词可以分为六个类别。
请你根据一定的分类标准把单词填入相应的类别中：adult ， blind, creative, cynical,elderly ， economist ，educator ， infant, impatient, indifferent, intelligent, kid, youngster ， junior ， mathematician ， philosopher, specialist ， surgeon ， inventor, psychologist, passive, radical, genius ， gaint ， musician, coach ， cripple ，deaf ， dwarf ， limp ， mute, eyebrow ， forehead, temple ，wrist, aggressive, cautious, cheerful, confident, envious, frank, nasty, outstanding, reasonable, self-conscious,wicked, muscle, nerveJobs:keyMachines :keyTools :keyweapons :key Drinks : keyAnimals : key你能找出与情绪 emotion 有关的词汇吗？key你能找出与方位有关的词或短语吗？key你能说出与人体 body 有关的词吗？key构词法大量英语单词都是加前缀或后缀之后变成的派生词。
因此根据构词法学习词汇是很有效的。
有些词缀本身有意义，有的则没有。
下面这些词缀本身没有太大的意义，但加在其他单词前面或后面之后可以派生出其他单词：加以下词缀可以使名词或形容词变为动词：练习联想含有以下词缀的单词:un- keyim- keyin- keydis- key-ic key-ive keyinter- keytrans- key-ship key戏谑玩笑法用开玩笑的办法来记单词和句子，使背单词、和背句子的枯燥乏味的过程变得趣味横生，有时一句玩笑可令人经久难忘。
但必须牢记：玩笑归玩笑，单词的正确拼写和发音以及句子的确切含义却是必须弄清楚，丝毫马虎不得。
例：以“恶婊子” 来记忆 abuse以“ 吵死” 来记 chaos以“克死”来记 curse以“掉入黑暗日子”来记 fall upon dark days ( 遭到不幸 )以“提升魔鬼”来记 raise the devil ( 大声抱怨 )以“乏体格”来记 fatigue以“下到地球”来记 down to earth ( 很实际的 )以“把光扔到… 上”来记 throw light on （使…… 水落石出）练习：如何巧妙记忆以下单词呢：nutrition （营养）keysentimental （多愁善感的）keyaffectation ( 娇揉做作 ) keywatch out （小心）keyan acid tongue （说话尖刻的）keyunder one's nose （就在…… 面前）keydeadline （最后期限）keyhave one's feet on the ground ( 脚踏实key地的 )in a pinch ( 必要时 ) keybold （大胆的）keycargo （货物）keyget heaps of money ( 很有钱 ) keybe in line for ( 有可能得到……) keya sword hanging over one's head ( 危险key的东西或事情 )形象联想记忆法 , 实物联想记忆法形象联想记忆法 , 即在记忆单词和词组时 , 可以展开联想 , 将单词与某些熟悉、生动易记的动作、事物联系在一起，这样可以加深印象，而且联想的过程本身就是记忆力的过程。