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英语音标读音规则

重读音节开闭音节读音元音字母重读开音节和闭音节中的读音a∙①在开音节中/eɪ/name,plane,Jane,baby,cake∙②在闭音节中1一般读作/æ/bag,dad,hat,map,black,back2后面字母为后面字母为st,ss,th时读/ɑ:/∙①在开音节中/i:/he,these,me,Chinese∙②在闭音节中/e/bed,let,pen,desk,yes,eggi∙①在开音节中/aɪ/bike,drive,time,nice,kite∙②在闭音节中/ɪ/fish,big,drink,sit,milk,swimo∙①在开音节中/əʊ/those,close,go,hoe,home,no∙②在闭音节中/ɒ/clock,not,box,shop,socku∙①在开音节中1./ju:/student,excuse,duty,Tuesday2.元音字母u在辅音字母j、l、r或字母组合ch、sh、tr、dr后面时(辅音字母发音为[ʃ]、[ʒ]、[tʃ]、[dʒ]、[l]、[r]、[tr]、[dr]),读/u:/,例如:June,blue,ruler,true。

∙②在闭音节中/ʌ/bus,cup,jump,much,lunch特殊读音元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音a∙①在/w/音后面/ɒ/want,what,watch,wash,quality∙②在f,n,sk,ph,sp,ss,st,th,lm前/α:/after,plant,ask,grasp,glass,fast,father∙在-nd,-ld和gh前/aɪ/find,child,light,higho∙①在-st,-ld前/əʊ/most,postcard,old,cold∙②在m,n,v,th前/ʌ/come,monkey,love,motherr音节-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音ar∙①/α:/c ar,farm,dark,sharpener∙②在/w/音后面/ɔ:/warm,quarter,towardsor∙①/ɔ:/forty morning short∙②/ɜ:/word worker worseer,ir,ur∙/ɜ:/certainly bird Thursday注:①辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。

例如:carry,sorry,hurry。

②-r音节在非重读音节中通常读/ə/音,例如:dollar,teacher,martyr,forget,Saturday。

re音节-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音are∙/eə/care,dare,hare∙/ɪə/here,mereire∙/aɪə/fire,hire,wireore∙/ɔ:/more,score,beforeure∙/jʊə/pure,cure-re∙/ə/centre,fibre,titre,meagre,saltpetre注∙①are,ere,ire,ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读/ə/音,例如:picture,pleasure。

∙②重读元音字母加r,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母r读/r/音。

例如:parent,zero,story,during,inspiring。

∙③另外,某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。

例如:orange,very,American,paragraph。

元音字组元音字组在重读音节中的读音ai,ay∙/eɪ/afraid,rain,wait,day,playair∙/eə/air,hair,chair,pair,repair∙①在l,k前/ɔ:/small,ball,talk,wall,all,talk, ∙②/ɔ:l/always,also,salt,almost∙③在f,m前/α:/h alf,calmau,aw∙/ɔ:/autumn,daughter,drawea∙①/i:/teach,easy,cheap,please∙②/e/heavy,bread,sweater,weather∙③/eɪ/break,greatear∙①/ɪə/hear,dear,near,clear,year∙②/eə/bear,pear,wear,swear∙③/ɜ:/earth,learn,earlyee∙/i:/jeep,week,green,threeeer∙/ɪə/pioneer,deer,beerei,ey∙①/eɪ/eight,neighbour,they∙②/i:/seize,keyeu,ew∙①在j,l,r,s后/u:/ flew,brew,jewelry,jewel ∙②/ju:/ new,few,newspaperie,ei∙/s/音之后/i:/piece,field,receiveoa∙/əʊ/coat,Joan,boat,goaloar,oor∙/ɔ:/roar,board,door,flooroi,oy∙/ɔɪ/noise,point,boy,toiletoo∙/u:/broom,food,tooth,school,zoo∙/ʊ/book,look,cook,foot,good, footballou,ow∙①/aʊ/flower,house,count,down∙②/əʊ/know,row,throw,though∙③/ʌ/young,country,enough∙④/u:/group,soupour∙①/ɔ:/ course,your,four∙②/aʊə/our,hour,sour∙③/ɜ:/journeyoul∙/ʊ/would,should,could(主要是情态动词、助动词)ui∙①在j,l,r,s后/u:ɪ/fluid,suicide,tuition∙②/u:/juice,fruit,suit非重读音节元音字母元音字母在非重读音节中的读音a∙/ə/China,another,woman,breakfast∙动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,作动词后缀音,a读/eɪ/音,例如:operate,a处在开音节位置,e∙/ə/hundred,student,open,weekend,chicken,childreni∙①/ə/holiday,beautiful,family,animal∙②/aɪ/exercise,satelliteo∙①/ə/second,tonight,somebody,welcome∙②/əʊ/also,zero,photou∙①/ə/autumn,difficult∙②/ju:/popular,congratulation,January∙③在辅音字母j,l,r,s后面时,读/ʊ/或/u:/音,例如:July,influence,February,issue。

∙在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母a,e,i既可以读/ə/的音,也可以读/ɪ/的音。

元音字组非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音ai,ay,ei,ey∙/ɪ/foreign,monkeyow∙/əʊ/yellow,sparrow,tomorrow∙注:元音字组在非重读音节中通常读/ə/音或/ɪ/音。

例如:serious,famous,biscuit,coffee,neighbour-sion,-tion∙①/ʃən/impression,nation∙②在元音字母后/ʒən/vision,decision,occasion∙③在s后/tʃən/question,suggestion-isle∙/aɪl/aisle, Carlisle-sten∙/sən/listen-stle∙/sl/whistle-sure∙/ʒə/pleasure,measure-ture /tʃə/picture,culture复合词元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音∙复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。

例如:everyday/eɪ/,handbag/æ/,blackboard/ɔ:/。

有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词。

其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。

例如:holy(神圣)+day/eɪ/(日子)=holiday/ɪ/(假日):break(中断)+fa st/α:/(斋戒)=breakfast/ə/(早餐);cup(茶杯)+board/ɔ:/(木板)=cupboard/ə/(碗柜)。

辅字组读音b∙①/b/ bike,bus,bag∙②/不发/bomb,tombc∙①在e前或在i,y前/s/face,decide,cinema,bicycle∙②其他情况/k/cake,picture,coat,music∙③/tʃ/cello、concertoch∙①/tʃ/much,chick,rich,teacher∙②/k/school,headache,chemistry(主要为希腊外来词)∙③/ʃ/machine,moustache(主要是法语外来词)-ck/cq[k]cock,pocket,black,knock,checque,cz∙[tʃ] Czechd∙/d/doctor,bread,hand,day-dg(e)∙/dʒ/bridge,fridgedr-∙/dr/children,driver,drinkds∙/dz/hands(主要用于可数名词复数)f∙/f/five,four,breakfast∙/v/ofg∙①/g/bag,garden,go∙②在e,i,y之前一般读作/dʒ/,少数例外,orange,large,German,apology,giant∙③e,i,y之前少数情况下读/ʒ/genre,massage∙①/f/cough,enough∙②/不发/light,daughter,highgu-,-gue∙①/g/guess,league,dialogue(-gue在非重读音节中)∙②/gw/language,anguishh∙①/h/hot,head,house,hand∙②/不发/hour,honestj∙①/dʒ/jeep,jar,joke,join,June∙②/ʒ/Jacques(用于法国人名)∙③/h/Juanita(用于西班牙人名)k∙/k/kind,bike,skate,make,weekkn-∙/n/knife,know,knockl∙①/l/life,lead,lot(出现在元音前面)∙②/ɫ/milk,school,tall[出现在元音后面。

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