外研版七年级英语下册语法总结
一.一般现在时
1. 构成:主语+动词+其他
2. 标志词:always, usually, often, sometimes, never, 等频率副词。
3. 否定句:1)当动词是 be, can, may, must, should等在其后加not
Eg. I can’t play football.
2)当是实义动词时加助动词don’t/doesn’t后跟动词原形
Eg. I don’t like football.
She doesn’t like football.
4. 疑问句:1)当动词是 be, can, may, must, should等将其提前
Eg. Can you swim?
2)当是实义动词时将助动词do/does 放在前面,后跟主语和动词原形。
Eg. Does she like football?
5. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
二.现在进行时
1. 构成:主语+be+doing+其他
2. 动词→动词-ing变化规律:
1)一般情况下直接加-ing, eg. Working
2)以不发音e结尾的去e加-ing, eg. Taking
3)以辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,双写末尾辅音字母加-ing, eg. Stopping
4)特殊变化, lie—lying
3. 标志词:look, listen, now, at the moment, it’s…o’clock…
4. 否定句:be动词后加not
Eg. She is not listening to music.
5. 疑问句:将be动词提前
Eg . Is she listening to music?
6. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
三.将来时
1. 构成:主语+be going to+动词原形
will
2. 标志词:tomorrow, next day/month/year等表示将来的时间
3. 否定句:be动词后加not;will后加not
Eg. He is not going to have a piano lesson this weekend.
He will not have a piano lesson this weekend.
4. 疑问句:将be动词提前;将will提前
Eg. Is he going to have a piano lesson this weekend?
Will he going to have a piano lesson this weekend?
5. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
四.过去时
1. 构成:主语+动词过去时+其他
2. 标志词:yesterday, just now, …ago, this morning, when I was young,last…等
3. 动词→动词过去式变化规律:
1)一般动词结尾加-ed, eg. Walk--walked
2)以字母e结尾的动词加- d, eg. Live--lived
3)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i加-ed, eg. Hurry—hurried
4)以辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,双写末尾辅音字母加-ed, eg. Stop –stopped
特殊变化详见课本P172
4. 否定句:1)动词be过去式后直接加not
Eg. I was not in Chengdu last year.
2) 当是实义动词时,加助动词didn’t后跟动词原形
Eg. I didn’t telephone my parents yesterday.
5. 疑问句:1) 动词be过去式提前
Eg. Were you in Chengdu last year?
2) 当是实义动词时将助动词did 放在前面,后跟主语和动词原形
Eg. Did you telephone my parents yesterday?
6. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
五.形容词、副词比较级,最高级
1. 形容词
(1)在句子中做定语,一般放在名词之前。
但是当形容词修饰something, somebody, anything, anybody, nothing, nobody时,要放于其后。
Eg. I have an interesting book.
There is nothing serious.
(2) 作表语,放在系动词之后。
Eg. This kind of dress is expensive.
(3) 以a-开头的形容词,一般在句子中只能作表语。
Eg. Keep quiet! My baby is asleep in the room.
(4) 作宾语补足语,放在宾语之后。
Eg. The good news makes us very happy.
2. 副词
副词在句子中主要做状语,可以修饰动词、形容词、副词。
修饰动词时,一般放在行为动词之后;修饰形容词时,一般放在形容词之前;表示时间、地点的副词一般放在句末或句首;频度副词一般放在行为动词之前。
Eg. I can’t hear you clearly.
3. 比较级用法
(1)可以单独使用 eg. I hope to do better in English.
(2)和than一起用 eg. Zhang Jun is stronger than Lin Tao.
(3)其他几种用法
a. 两者比较,哪一个更怎么样?
Who/Which + be+比较级, A or B?
Eg. Who did better, Lucy or Lily?
b. 用比较级形式表达最高级意义
比较级+than any other+n.+比较级范围(in/of…)
=比较级+than any of the others+ in/of…
=比较级+than the other+n.+in/of…(在同一范围内比较)
比较级+than any + n.+ in/of…(在两个不同范围内比较)
Eg. Kate is more careful than any other girl in our class
Shanghai is bigger than any city in Shangdong Province.
c. 越来越怎么样?“比较级+and+比较级”
Eg. Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.
d. 有范围的两者之间的比较用“the+形容词比较级+of the two”
Eg. My mother is the busier of the two
e. 用来修饰比较级的副词有:much/ far/ lots/ a lot; a litter; even;still等
4. 最高级用法用来对三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较,形容词的最高级前必须加定冠词the,副词前的the可以省略。
a. 最高级+范围
Eg. Changjian is the longest river in China.
b. 主语+be+one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数+比较级范围(of/in短语),表示“最……的……之一”。
Eg. Yang Liwei is one of the most famous heroes in China.
c. 主语+be+the+序数词+形容词最高级+单数名词+比较范围,表示“……是……的第几”。
Eg. The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
注:有些比较级与最高级之间的句子可以转换。