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语言学教学大纲

《语言学》课程教学大纲课程名称:语言学英文名称:Linguistics课程类型:专业基础课程总学时:36考核方式:考试成绩评定:平时测验+课堂表现+作业+出勤:40%,期末考试:60%授课对象:英语专业先修课程:基础英语教材:《新编简明英语语言学教程》,戴炜栋编著,上海外语教育出版社,2002年。

参考书:《现代语言学》,何兆雄编著,外语教学与研究出版社,1999年。

《语言学教程》,胡壮麟编著,北京大学出版社,1991年。

一、课程目的和任务该课程是英语专业(本科)的一门专业必修课。

开设在三年级下学期。

本课程向学生介绍语言学领域的重要研究成果,包括语音学、词汇学、句法学、语义学、语用学的基本理论以及语言与文化、社会、思维等的关系。

通过本课程的学习,使学生掌握英语语言学的基本理论和基础知识,增强学生对语言的本质特征和语言学习过程的主要特点的了解,促进学生语言能力和文化素养的提高,提高学生学习和运用英语的效率。

二、教学内容基本要求、重点和难点【基本要求】1.正确认识课程的性质、任务及其研究对象。

基本把握课程的体系与结构。

了解英语语言的起源、发展及其变化过程,进一步熟悉与理解英语语言的有关现象与概念。

2.对语言与社会、语言与文化和语言与外语教学等方面之间的关系有一定的了解,将所学的语言学基础知识用于指导第二语言的学习,提高语言理论素养,特别是提高英语的正确运用能力和得体的交际能力。

【重点、难点】1.教学重点:音位学,语用学,社会语言学,语言学与外语教学2.教学难点:句法学,语义学,心理语言学第一章绪论【目的要求】1.掌握语言学的概念、语言的概念及其甄别性特征。

2.熟悉语言学研究中的几对基本概念。

3.了解语言学研究的各个语言层面以及语言学的各个分支。

【重点、难点】1.教学重点:语言学的概念、语言的概念及其甄别性特征。

2.教学难点:语言学研究中的几对基本概念。

【教学方法与教学手段】讲授式、讨论式【教学时数】2学时【思考与练习】1﹒How do you interpret the definition of linguistics: Linguistics is the scientific study of language?2﹒What are the major branches of linguistics? What does each of them study?3﹒What characteristics of language should be included in a good , comprehensive definition of language?4﹒What are the main features of human language that have been specified by C. Hockett to show that it is essentially different from animal communication system?第二章音系学【目的要求】1.通过语音学部分的学习,了解各种发音器官及其作用,英语的元音和辅音的发音方式和特点,分清宽式标音法和窄式标音法的区别。

2.通过音系学部分的学习,理解音系学和语音学的联系和区别,熟悉音系学中的一些基本概念和规则。

【重点、难点】1.教学重点:英语语音学的发音特征和音系学中的基本概念。

2.教学难点:发音器官的构造,音系学中的音素、音位和音位排列规则。

【教学方法与教学手段】讲授式、讨论式【教学时数】4学时【思考与练习】1﹒What is voicing and how is it caused?2﹒Explain with examples how broad transcription and narrow transcription differ?3﹒How are the English consonants classified?4﹒What criteria are used to classify the English vowels?5﹒How do phonetics and phonology differ in their focus of study?6﹒What is a phone? How is it different from a phoneme? How are allophones related to a phoneme?7﹒Explain with examples the sequential rule, the assimilation rule, and the deletion rule.第三章形态学【目的要求】1.熟悉语素的概念,包括语素的类型、常见词根和词缀的意义,加强对英语派生词和复合词的理解和运用能力。

2.了解构词的形态规则。

【重点、难点】1.教学重点:语素的概念和基本构词法。

2.教学难点:词的形态变化与意义变化。

【教学方法与教学手段】讲授式、讨论式【教学时数】4学时【思考与练习】1. Think of three morpheme suffixes, give their meaning, and specify the types of stem they maybe suffixed to. Give at least two examples of each.2﹒Think of three morpheme prefixes, give their meaning, and specify the types of stem they may be prefixed to. Give at least two examples of each.第四章句法学【目的要求】1.掌握句法的定义和短语的构成因素。

2.学会对短语以及句子进行分析,把握转换规则。

【重点、难点】1.教学重点:对短语和句子进行分析。

2.教学难点:转换生成语法分析。

【教学方法与教学手段】讲授式、讨论式【教学时数】4学时【思考与练习】1﹒Draw phrase structure trees for each sentence.a)The jet landed.b)Marie became very ill.c)What will you talk about?d)The apple might hit the man.e)He often reads detective stories.2﹒Draw a tree structure for each of the sentences.a)Jim has washed the dirty shirts and pants.b)Helen put on her clothes and went out.c)Mary is fond of literature but tied of statistics.d)The detective went out and the mysterious man came in.e)Crusoe knows that spring will come and the snow will melt.3﹒Draw the deep structure and surface structure trees for each of these sentences.a)The essay that he wrote was too long.b)The dog that he keeps bites.c)Herbert found the man she loved.d)The girl whom he often quarrels with majors in linguistics.第五章语义学【目的要求】1.掌握语义学的定义和词汇意义。

2.熟悉词汇之间和句子之间的语义关系。

3.了解语义研究的几种主要理论,以及意义分析的两种方法—成分分析法和述谓结构分析法。

【重点、难点】1.教学重点:词汇之间的意义关系,成分分析法和述谓结构分析法。

2.教学难点:句子之间的意义关系。

【教学方法与教学手段】讲授式、讨论式【教学时数】4学时【思考与练习】1﹒What are the major views concerning the study of meaning?2﹒What are the major types of synonyms in English?3﹒Explain with examples “homonymy”, “polysemy”, and “hyponymy”.4﹒How can words opposite in meaning be classified? To which category does each of the following pairs of antonyms belong?north/south, vacant/occupied, literate/illiterate, above/below, doctor/patient, wide/narrow, poor/rich, father/daughter5﹒Identify the relations between the following pairs of sentences.a)Tom’s wife is pregnant. Tom has a wife.b)My sister will soon be divorced. My sister is a married woman.c)He likes seafood. He likes crabs.d)They are going to have another baby. They have a child.第六章语用学【目的要求】1.了解语用学和传统的语义学研究之间的关系,以及语境和话语意义的概念。

2.理解言语行为理论和合作原则,学会用言语行为理论分析话语,能在实践中运用合作原则。

【重点、难点】1.教学重点:言语行为理论,合作原则。

2.教学难点:语境,话语意义。

【教学方法与教学手段】讲授式、讨论式【教学时数】4学时【思考与练习】1﹒What does pragmatics study? How does it differ from traditional semantics?2﹒Why is the notion of context essential in the pragmatic study of linguistic communication?3﹒How are sentence meaning and utterance meaning related, and how do they differ?4﹒According to Austin, what are the three acts a person is possibly performing while making utterance. Give an example.5﹒What are the four maxims of the CP? Try to give your own examples to show how flouting these maxims gives rise to conversational implicature?第七章语言变化【目的要求】1.了解语言变化的几个层面,包括语音变化,词素变化,句法变化,以及词汇变化。

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