Clara Reeve(1729–1807) ,an English novelist, best known for her Gothic fiction work : The Old English Baron (1778), Ann Radcliffe(9 July 1764 – 7 February 1823) ,an English author 安· 莱德克利夫 : The Mysteries of Udolpho (1794) 《乌铎尔弗的奥秘》 Radcliffe made the gothic novel socially acceptable. Among other elements, Ann Radcliffe introduced the brooding figure of the gothic villain. Radcliffe's novels, above all The Mysteries of Udolpho , were best-sellers, although along with all novels they were looked down upon by well-educated people as sensationalist women's entertainment (despite some men's enjoyment of them).


Matthew Gregory Lewis(9 July 1775 – 14 May 1818) , an English novelist and dramatist, often referred to as "Monk" Lewis :The Monk (1796). lurid tale of monastic debauchery, black magic, and diabolism Lewis' tale appalled some contemporary readers; however his portrayal of depraved monks, sadistic inquisitors and spectral nuns, and his scurrilous view of the Catholic Church was an important development in the genre

"The person, be it gentleman or lady, who has not pleasure in a good novel, must be intolerably stupid. I have read all Mrs. Radcliffe's works, and most of them with great pleasure. The Mysteries of Udolpho, when I had once begun it, I could not lay down again; I remember finishing it in two days – my hair standing on end the whole time." [said Henry] ... "I am very glad to hear it indeed, and now I shall never be ashamed of liking Udolpho myself. " [replied Catherine]


Mary Shelley's Frankenstein; or, the Modern Prometheus (1818) has come to define Gothic fiction in the Romantic period. Mary Shelley's novel, though clearly influenced by the gothic tradition, is often considered the first science fiction novel, despite the omission in the novel of any scientific explanation of the monster's animation and the focus instead on the moral issues and consequences of such a creation.
哥特(Gothic) ：
1、of the Goths (Germanic people who invaded
the Roman Empire)； 2、 of or in a style common in W Europe from the 12th to the 16th centuries and characterized by pointed arches, arched roofs, tall thin pillars 3、of or in an 18th-century style of literature which described romantic adventures in mysterious or frightening settings


Gothic literature : intimately associated with the Gothic Revival architecture of the same era. In a way similar to the gothic revivalists' rejection of the clarity and rationalism of the neoclassical style of the Enlightened Establishment, the literary Gothic embodies an appreciation of the joys of extreme emotion, the thrills of fearfulness and awe inherent in the sublime, and a quest for atmosphere.
“哥特复兴”（Gothic Revival） 将中古世纪的阴暗情调从历史 脉络的墓穴中挖掘出来。
一般认为第一座真正的哥特式教 堂是巴黎郊区的圣丹尼教堂。
最著名的有世界上最大的哥特尖塔建筑 米兰大教堂 Duomo di Milano
米兰大堂是意大利最大的哥特式主教堂，有 “米兰的象征”之美称。主教堂始建于1386年， 由米兰望族吉安•维斯孔蒂主持奠基。1500年完 成拱顶，1774年中央塔上的镀金圣母玛丽亚雕 像就位。1813年教堂的大部分建筑完工。1897 年最后完工，历时五个世纪。1805年拿破仑曾 在米兰大教堂举行加冕仪式。至1965年教堂正 面最后一座铜门被安装，才算全部竣工。举世 闻名的米兰大教堂，坐落于意大教堂和西班牙的塞维利亚 教堂的欧洲第三大教堂。米兰大教堂的建造历 经五个多世纪才完工，因此，它的建筑风格包 含了哥特式、新古典式和巴洛克式。上半部分 是哥特式的尖塔，据统计共138座，最高的尖 塔高达108米，尖塔之林直立挺拔，给人以飞 腾升华、超脱尘世之感。下半部分是典型的巴 洛克式风格，从上而下满饰雕塑，极尽繁复精 美，是文艺复兴时期具有代表性的建筑物。由 12根巨型石柱支撑的教堂大殿，内饰精美，仅 雕像就有800余座。教堂有24扇世界上最大的彩 绘玻璃窗，这些彩色玻璃造于500多年前，至 今仍光彩夺目，令人惊叹 .

The basic plot :
a threatening mystery and an ancestral curse, as well as countless trappings such as hidden passages and oft-fainting heroines.


The romance, usually held in contempt by the educated as a tawdry and debased kind of writing, had only recently been made respectable by the works of Richardson and Fielding (Fuchs, 2004; 106). A romance with superstitious elements, and moreover void of didactical intention, was considered a setback and not acceptable as a modern production.
电影



《异形》、 《沉默的羔羊》、 《惊声尖叫》、 《龙卷风》、 《世界末日》、 《天地大冲撞》、 《极度恐慌》、 《蝴蝶效应》
《历代的巫术》 《吸血鬼诺斯费拉杜》 《德古拉的噩梦》。 《欲望》。 《剪刀手爱德华》 《夜访吸血鬼》。 《乌鸦》 《人狼生死恋》 《理发师陶德》


The stock characters of Gothic fiction:
tyrants, villains, bandits, maniacs, Byronic heroes, persecuted maidens, monks, nuns, madwomen, magicians, vampires, werewolves, monsters, demons, dragons, angels, fallen angels, revenants归来者, ghosts, perambulating skeletons, the Wandering Jew and the Devil himself.