Exercise FiveI. DefinitionDirections: Define the following terms in English1. pragmatics2. syntax3. language acquisition4. morphology5. idiolectII Blank fillingDirections: Fill in each blank in the following statements.1. The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the ________ of that phoneme.2. When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as ________.3. The type of inversion operation involving the movement of a word from the head position in one phrase into the head position in another is known as ________.4. According to British linguist G. Leech, a predication consists of ________ and predicate.5. V ocabulary change can include: addition of new words, ________, and changes in the meaning of words.6. In some speech communities, two languages are used side by side with each having a different role to play, and language switching occurs when the situation changes. This constitutes the situation of ________.7. The study of sounds used in linguistic communication led to the establishment of ________.8. Krashen put forward that learners advance their language learning gradually by receiving ________, which he de fined as “i + l”.9. Generally four types of motivation have been identified: instrumental motivation, integrative motivation, resultative motivation, and ________ motivation.10. ________, an important theory in the pragmatic study of language, was originated with the British philosopher John Austin in the late 50‟s of the 20th century.III Multiple choiceDirections: There are four choices in each of the following statements. Choose the one that can best complete the statement.1. When we consider the variation relating to what a user is trying to do with language, we are dealing with addressee relationship—continually categorized as “______”.A. tenor of discourseB. mode of discourseC. field of discourseD. idiolect2. According to words‟ struc tures, Turkish is a typical ______ language.A. isolatingB. fusionalC. analyticD. agglutinative3. ______ refer to the fact that one type of utterance is typically followed by a special type of utterance.A. Minimal pairsB. Illocutionary actsC. Social dialectsD. Adjacency pairs4. The relation between “dead” and “alive” is labeled as ________.A. gradabilityB. complementarityC. hyponymyD. homonymy5. The words “encore” and “au pair ” are loanwords from _______.A. FrenchB. GermanC. ItalianD. Spanish6. The distinction of langue and parole is proposed by______.A. N. ChomskyB. F. de SaussureC. M. A. HallidayD. J. Austin7. Which of the following is the exception to the feature of arbitrariness of language?A. native English wordsB. borrowed wordsC. echoic wordsD. one-syllable words8. Which of the following feature cannot be used to describe the phone [s]?A. voicelessB. oralC. alveolarD. lateral9. In terms of place of articulation, the two consonants [f], [v] are ________.A. dentalB. alveolarC. palatalD. labiodental10. In terms of manner of articulation, the sounds [p], [b], [t], [d], [k], [g] are ________.A. affricatesB. fricativesC. bilabialD. oral stops11.The famous quotation from Shakespeare's play “Romeo and Juliet” …A rose by any other name would smell as sweet‟ well illustrates _______.A. the conventional nature of languageB. the creative nature of languageC. the universality of languageD. the big difference between human language and animal communication12.Of the following sound combinations, only _______ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English.A. kiblB. bkilC. ilkbD. ilbk13.The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _______ formula "S→NP VP".A. hierarchicalB. linearC. tree diagramD. vertical14.It is the _______ on Case assignment that states that a Case assignor and a Case recipient should stay adjacent to each other.A. Case ConditionB. parameterC. Adjacent ConditionD. Adjacent Parameter15.Predication analysis is a way to analyze _______ meaning.A. phonemeB. wordC. phraseD. sentence16.According to Searle, those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called _______.A. commisivesB. directivesC. expressivesD. declaratives17.The term _______ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A. synchronicB. diachronicC. comparativeD. historical comparative18.The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title +last name, _______,and kin term.A. title+first nameB. title+titleC. title aloneD. first name+last name+titlenguage and thought may be viewed as two independent circles overlapping in some parts. When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each other, we may regard thought as "subvocal speech," and speech as "_______".A. vocal thoughtB. subvocal thoughtC .covert thought D. overt thought20. Which of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisition?_______.A. Language acquisition is a process of habit formationB. Language acquisition is the species-specific property of human beingsC. Children are born with an innate ability to acquire languageD. Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language useIV True of FalseDirections: Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for true and F for false.1. A sentence cannot be a word or a fragment in strict sense, but an utterance can be a word or a fragment of a sentence.2. It doesn‟t make sense to ask what l anguage a sentence belongs to.3. A stem first of all refers to any morpheme or combination of morphemes, but an affix can be added to it.4. Every word in a language can find at least one referent in the objective world.5. In most cases, lexicon means vocabulary and is related to the analysis and creation of words, idioms and collocations.6. Compounding is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems.7. Metathesis refers to the change of a sound as a result of the influence of an adjacent sound.8. The requirement that the forms of two or more words of specific word classes which stand in specific syntactic relationship with one another shall also be characterized by the same paradigmatically marked category or categories is called concord.9. According to Searle, those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called directives10. The term synchronic linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.。