遗传毒性作用(genomics)
表观遗传毒性作用(epigenomics)
毒理基因组学(Toxicogenomics)
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Leadin
20世纪自然科学的“三大计划”
曼哈顿原子弹计划(1941-1945)
阿波罗登月计划(Project Apollo, 1961-1972) 一系列载人航天飞行任务； 完成载人登月和安全返回；
he published a paper suggesting that DNA was a triple helix. —— Nature, 2003
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对DNA双螺旋结构模型作出贡献的科学家
4. Rosalind Franklin (1920-1958)
Franklin, trained as a chemist, was expert in deducing the structure of molecules by
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Landmarks in genetics and genomics
萨顿的推论(1903年)
？如果孟德尔假设的遗传因子(即基因)确实存在，那么它到底在哪里？ 1903年，美国遗传学家萨顿 根据：基因和染色体行为之间明显的平行关系 提出假说：基因是由染色体携带着从亲代传递给子代 也就是说，基因位于染色体上
firing X-rays through them. Her images of DNA - disclosed without her knowledge -
put Watson and Crick on the track towards the right structure. She went on to do pioneering work on the structures of viruses.
毒理基因组学
——以HGP到EGP的研究为例 (Cases from HGP & EGP)
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遗传毒理学(genetic toxicology)
致突变物(mutagen)
致癌物(carcinogen)
致突变作用(mutagenesis)
致癌作用(c用点
platform of modern DNA research",
and his work inspired Watson and Crick to seek DNA's
structure. —— Nature, 2003
多次诺奖提名——没有获奖是一大遗憾
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对DNA双螺旋结构模型作出贡献的科学家
人类基因组计划(Human Genome Project, 1988-2001)
????
3
Landmarks in genetics and genomics
Nautre 2002
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Mendel’s discovery of the laws of heredity —— Phenotype of Pea by Mendel’s genetics law. (1865)
8
对DNA双螺旋结构模型作出贡献的科学家
3. Linus Pauling (1901-1994)
The titan of twentieth-century chemistry. Pauling led the way in working out the structure of big
biological molecules, and Watson and Crick saw him as their main competitor. In early 1953, working without the benefit of X-ray pictures,
1. Oswald Avery (1877-1955)
Microbiologist Avery led the team that showed that DNA is the unit of
inheritance. (1944)
One Nobel laureate has called the discovery "the historical
—— Nature, 2003
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对DNA双螺旋结构模型作出贡献的科学家
5. Maurice Wilkins (1916-2004)
Like Crick, New Zealand-born Wilkins trained as a physicist, and was involved with the Manhattan project to build the
2. Erwin Chargaff (1905-2002)
Chargaff discovered the pairing rules of DNA letters, noticing that A matches to T and C to G. He later criticized molecular biology, the discipline he
helped invent, as "the practice of biochemistry without a licence", and once described Francis Crick as looking like "a faded racing tout".
—— Nature, 2003
nuclear bomb. Wilkins worked on X-ray crystallography of DNA with
Franklin at King's College London, although their relationship was strained. He helped to verify Watson and Crick's model, and shared the 1962 Nobel with them.
T.H.摩尔根发现染色体的遗传机制，创立染色体遗传理论
美国遗传学家摩尔根(Morgan)的质疑(1909年) 做了大量的果蝇杂交实验 把一个特定的基因(白眼)和一条特定的染色体——X染色体联系起来 (―连锁‖) 证实了萨顿的假说 提出了“基因连锁”和“基因互换”定律
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对DNA双螺旋结构模型作出贡献的科学家