1．当1,1,2x =-时，()0,3,4f x =-,求()f x 的二次插值多项式。

解：0120121200102021101201220211,1,2,()0,()3,()4;()()1()(1)(2)()()2()()1()(1)(2)()()6()()1()(1)(1)()()3x x x f x f x f x x x x x l x x x x x x x x x x x l x x x x x x x x x x x l x x x x x x x ==-===-=--==-+-----==------==-+-- 则二次拉格朗日插值多项式为220()()k k k L x y l x ==∑0223()4()14(1)(2)(1)(1)23537623l x l x x x x x x x =-+=---+-+=+- 5设[]2(),f x Ca b ∈且()()0,f a f b ==求证： 21m ax ()()m ax ().8a x b a x bf x b a f x ≤≤≤≤''≤- 解：令01,x a x b ==，以此为插值节点，则线性插值多项式为10101010()()()x x x x L x f x f x x x x x --=+-- =()()x bx af a f b a b x a --=+--1()()0()0f a f b L x ==∴= 又 插值余项为1011()()()()()()2R x f x L x f x x x x x ''=-=--011()()()()2f x f x x x x x ''∴=--[]012012102()()1()()21()41()4x x x x x x x x x x b a --⎧⎫≤-+-⎨⎬⎩⎭=-=- 又 ∴21m ax ()()m ax ().8a x b a x bf x b a f x ≤≤≤≤''≤- 16．求一个次数不高于4次的多项式P （x ），使它满足(0)(0)0,(1)(1)0,(2)0P P P P P ''=====解：利用埃米尔特插值可得到次数不高于4的多项式0101010,10,10,1x x y y m m ======11300201001012()()()()(12)()(12)(1)j j j j j j H x y x m x x x x xx x x x x x x αβα===+--=---=+-∑∑210110102()(12)()(32)x x x x x x x x x x x α--=---=-2021()(1)()(1)x x x x x xββ=-=-22323()(32)(1)2H x x x x x x x ∴=-+-=-+设22301()()()()P x H x A x x x x =+--其中，A 为待定常数3222(2)1()2(1)P P x x x Ax x =∴=-++-14A ∴= 从而221()(3)4P x x x =-19．求4()f x x =在[,]a b 上分段埃尔米特插值，并估计误差。

解：在[,]a b 区间上，01,,,0,1,,1,n i i i x a x b h x x i n +===-=-令01max i i n h h ≤≤-= 43(),()4f x x f x x '==∴函数()f x 在区间1[,]i i x x +上的分段埃尔米特插值函数为2111211112112111()()(12)()()(12)()()()()()()()i i h i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i ii i i ix x x x I x f x x x x x x x x x f x x x x x x x x x f x x x x x x x f x x x ++++++++++++--=+----++---'+---'+-- 421342113321232112()(22)()(22)4()()4()()ii i i i i i i i ii i i i i i i i x x x h x x h x x x h x x h x x x x x h x x x x x h ++++++=-+-+--++--+-- 误差为(4)221(4)4()()1()()()4!1m ax ()()242h i i i a x b f x I x f x x x x h f ξξ+≤≤-=--≤ 又4()f x x =(4)4401()4!24m ax ()()m ax 1616i h a x b i n f x h h f x I x ≤≤≤≤-∴==∴-≤≤试求三次样条插值，并满足条件：(1)(0.25) 1.0000,(0.53)0.6868;(2)(0.25)(0.53)0.S S S S ''==''''==解：0101212323430.050.090.060.08h x x h x x h x x h x x =-==-==-==-= 1111234,533,,,11457j j j j j j j j h h h h h h μλμμμμ---==--∴==== [][][][]1230100110122334924,,,11457()(),0.9540,0.8533,0.7717,0.7150f x f x f x x x x f x x f x x f x x λλλλ====-==-===[][][][][][][][]040120012011012312212342332344343(1)() 1.0000,()0.68686(,) 5.5200,,64.3157,,63.2640,,62.43006(,) 2.1150S x S x d f x x f h f x x f x x d h h f x x f x x d h h f x x f x x d h h d f f x x h ''=='=-=--==-+-==-+-==-+'=-=- 由此得矩阵形式的方程组为2 1 M 0 5.5200-514 2914 M 1 4.3157- 35 225 M 2 = 3.2640- 37 2 47 M 3 2.4300-1 2 M 4 2.1150-求解此方程组得012342.0278, 1.46431.0313,0.8070,0.6539M M M M M =-=-=-=-=-三次样条表达式为331122111()()()66()()(0,1,,1)66j j j j jj j j j j j j j j j j x x x x S x M M h h M h x xM h x x y y j n h h +++++--=+--+-+-=- ∴将01234,,,,M M M M M 代入得[][]3333336.7593(0.30) 4.8810(0.25)10.0169(0.30)10.9662(0.25)0.25,0.302.7117(0.39) 1.9098(0.30) 6.1075(0.39) 6.9544(0.30)0.30,0.39() 2.8647(0.45) 2.2422(0.39)10.4186(0.45x x x x x x x x x x S x x x x ----+-+-∈----+-+-∈=----+-[][]33)10.9662(0.39)0.39,0.451.6817(0.53) 1.3623(0.45)8.3958(0.53)9.1087(0.45)0.45,0.53x x x x x x x ⎧⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨+-⎪⎪∈⎪⎪----+-+-⎪∈⎪⎩04001234404(2)()0,()020, 4.3157, 3.26402.4300,200S x S x d f d d d d f λμ''''==''===-=-''=-====由此得矩阵开工的方程组为04123092014 4.3157322 3.264055 2.43003027M M M M M ==⎛⎫ ⎪-⎛⎫⎛⎫⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪=- ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪-⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭求解此方程组，得012340, 1.88090.8616, 1.0304,0M M M M M ==-=-=-=又 三次样条表达式为331122111()()()66()()66j j j j jj j j j j j j j j j j x x x x S x M M h h M h x xM h x x y y h h +++++--=+--+-+- 将01234,,,,M M M M M 代入得[][]333336.2697(0.25)10(0.3)10.9697(0.25)0.25,0.303.4831(0.39) 1.5956(0.3) 6.1138(0.39) 6.9518(0.30)0.30,0.39() 2.3933(0.45) 2.8622(0.39)10.4186(0.45)11.1903(0.39)0.3x x x x x x x x x S x x x x x x --+-+-∈----+-+-∈∴=----+-+-∈[][]39,0.452.1467(0.53)8.3987(0.53)9.1(0.45)0.45,0.53x x x x ⎧⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎪⎪--+-+-⎪∈⎪⎩。