Another American philosopher H.P. Grice, advanced the theory of co-operative principle. It contributes a lot to the explanation of communicative activities by means of language.
carefully wipes his clean feet on the doormat.
1.Background of pragmatics
• In the reseay, C. Morris and R. Carnap was the first to use the term Pragmatics. Morris/Davis: the study of the relationships between linguistic forms and the users of those forms
Definitions of Pragmatics
• Levinson (1983:6---27) listed about ten definitions about pragmatics:
• Definition 1: • Pragmatics is the study of those relations between
Philosophers also contributed to the occurrence of pragmatics. In the late 50s, the British philosopher J. Austin created speech act theory. This theory is of significance in the study of pragmatics. It has become the core theory of the study of pragmatics. It also greatly influenced such linguistic fields as psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics and applied linguistics.
Warm up
• What does the boy still need to learn about using language?
• A little boy comes in the front door. • Mother: Wipe your feet, please. • He removes his muddy shoes and socks and
语用学
Pragmatics: An Introduction
Purposes of a course in pragmatics:
• Just as we don't learn how to translate in order to do translation, so we don't have to learn pragmatics in order to use language. Yet, pragmatic knowledge does serve to
[Morris, 1938, Foundations of the Theory of Signs, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.]
They use the term in their study of semiotics. They divide the research of semiotics into three branches: syntactics, semantics, and pragmatics.
作为一个独立的学科门类有三个标志p2：
A、1977年在荷兰创刊的《语用学杂 志》”Journal of Pragmatics”,Pragmatics(1991),Concise Encyclopedia of Pragmatics(1998)
B、1985年在意大利召开的第一次国际语用学大 会
C、1986年正式建立的国际语用学会(The International Pragmatics Association[IPrA])。
language and context that are grammaticalized, or encoded in the structure of a language. • 语用学是对在一种语言的结构中被语法化或被 编码的那些语言和语境之间的关系的研究
• Syntactics studies the formal relationship between the signs.
• Semantics studies the relationship between signs and the things they represent.
• Pragmatics, which studies the relationship between the signs and the interpreters of the signs.
• --enhance pragmatic awareness; • --promote pragmatic competence; • --enable pragmatic analysis.
Chapter 1 Background and definitions
1. the background of pragmatics 2. the definitions of pragmatics ponent vs. perspective分相论与综观论 es of pragmatics 5.the aims of pragmatics 6. the branches of pragmatics 7.the relation between pragmatics and semantics