一、指出现象或争议话题Ever since--, there have been ongoing disputes over…自从起，就有对于的持续争论。
With the increasing concerns about---, people are calling for…随港对的日益关注，人们呼吁...................... draws the public" s attention once again to, a repeatedly discussed yet constantly unsolved social issue. 再一〕欠吸弓］公众的注童力至……，这是一个经常讨论但一直未得到解决的社会问题。
二、引出各方观点There exists a philosophy that…有一种观点认为While many advocate---, I believe its a better idea to…尽管很多人支持，我认为更好。
Quite many are disgusted by this kind of---, because it goes against the traditional Chinese virtue of…很多人都反感，因为它有悖于中国的传统美德。
三、表示赞同It is apparent that it is a more sensible choice to…很明显，............ 是更为明智的选择。
•••should be encouraged, because it is a rewarding journey, promised with...…应鼓励 ...... ，因为它所带来的回报奇迹丰厚,并且允许It is fair to say that…，is a plausible and advisable option for…客观来讲, 对于是合理且明智的选择。
四、捉出建议In my opinion, there are three aspects to be improved so that…我认为,要改进的方面有三点,以便...... It would be better讦…如果.. 会更好。
五、引用名人名言As ••- rightly/aptly put it,"…”正如...... 恰如分地提出...... As is maintained by …，“…"正如..... iSilb .................. is the golden rule to stick. ........ 是一条金科玉律。
六、举例说明A case in point is 个恰当A勺例子是The recent incident happened in … proves …最近发生在身上的一件事情证明了 .............. A simple example can be drawn from -------------- 个简单的例子就是 ... A ccording to figures/statistics /the findings/data released by an institute,…根据某机构发布的数据/研究结果, ......七、阐述原因The epidemic of …is brought / caused both by …and by......................... 的出现是由丁• 和造成的。
Oneof the chief causes of••- is the fact that ..................... 的主要原因之一，是The upsurge of …is resulted fromtwo-fold factors .......... ............ 的出现源于双重因素.... ..八、做出总结In conclusion, it takes the endeavor of both …and …to …总Z, .............................. 需要.... 与... 的努力。
It is hence not difficult to see that •••/It therefore can be said that …因此，不难看出..... / 因此,可以说... From what have been discussed above, it can be concluded that …从以上讨论内容可归纳, .....九、发出号召或警示The situation, if unchecked, will lead to …如果不加以制止,情况将走向...... If not dealt with properly,…如果处理不当， .. What may be a point of concern is…可能需要关注的是......十、表示过渡（承上启下，使新观点不至于显得突兀、武断）There are no less than three advantages in••- as rendered below.在 ..... 方面，至少有三项优点如下显示。
Another reason why I advocate the attitude of・・・is that…我支持这种观点的另一个原因是What，s mo佗… 而且……Last but not least,…最后但同样重要的是....中国经济总需求aggregate dema nd 总供给aggregate supply企业文化corporate/entrepreneurial culture企、Ik形象corporate image (Cl); enterprise image跨国公司cross-national corporation 仓U业精神enterprising spirit; pioneering spirit夕卜资金业foreign・funded enterprise 猎头公司head-hunter 假日经济holidayeconomy 人力资本human capital 航空和航夭匸业aerospace industry 飞机制造工业aircraft industry 电子工业electronic industry汽车制造工业car industry 娱乐业entertainment industry 信息、产业information industry知识密集型产业knowledge-intensive industry国有大中型企业large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises轻工业light industry I専彩业lotteryindustry 制造业manufacturing industry 垄断行业monopolyindustries 市场多元化market diversification 市场经济marketeconomy 市场监管market supervision 购买力purchasing power 熊市bear market 牛市bull market 城镇化urbanization 房地产realestate 首付down・payment 业主homeowner 个人购房贷款individual housing loan经济全球化economic globalization 经济特区special economic zones (SEZ) 经济増长economic growth 泡沫经济bubble economy关税tariff纳税人tax payer 宏观经济macroeconomy 货币投放量the size of moneysupply 流动性过剩excess liquidity经济过热overheated economy 小康水平a well-off standard 政治类一个中国原则the one-China principle 与时俱进keep pace with the times 综合国力overallnation al st re ngth共同愿望comm on desire"走出去”(战略)going global 不结盟non-alignment 单边主义unilateralism多边政策multilateralism多极世界multipolar world 人口老龄化aging of population 人口出生率birth rate 社区月服务community service 道徳法庭court of ethics盗用公款embezzlement教育类成人夜校night school for adults 在职进修班on-job training courses 政治思想教育political and ideologicaleducati on毕)lk 生分酉己graduate placement; assignment of graduate充电update one' s knowledge初等教育elementary education大学城college town人学社区college comm unity高等教育higher education高等教育“211 工程” the "211 Project" for higher education高等学府institution of higher education 综合性人学comprehensive university 文科院校colleges of (liberal) arts理工科大学college / university of scienee and engineering师范学院teachers ' college; normal college高分低能high scores and low abilities高考(university/college) entrance exa mi nation高校扩招the college expansion plan 教育界education circle教育投入input in education九年义务教育nine-year compulsory educatio n考研take the entranee exams for postgraduate schools课外活动extracurricular activities 必彳彥课required/compulsory course 选修课elective/optional course 基础课basic courses 专业课specialized courses 课程表school schedule 教学大纲teaching program; syllabus 学习年限period of schooling 学历record of formal schooling 学分credit 启发式教学heuristic teaching 人才交流talent exchange 人才战competition for talented people 商务英语证书Business EnglishCertificate (BEC)适龄儿重入学率enrollment rate for children of school age升学率proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade; enrollment rate饮食类山东菜Shandong cuisine 川菜Sichuan cuisine粤菜Can ton cuisine 扬州菜Yangzhoucuisine 月饼moon cake 年糕rice cake［由条deep-fried dough sticks豆浆soybean milk 馒头steamed buns 花卷steamed twisted rolls 包了steamed stuffedbuns 北京烤鸭Beijing roast duck 拉面hand-stretched noodles 馄饨won ton(dumplings in soup) 豆腐tofu bean curd 麻花fried dough twist 烧饼clay oven rolls 皮蛋100-year egg; century egg 蛋炒饭friedrice with egg 糖葫芦tomatoes on sticks火锅hot pot文化类京剧Peking opera秦腔Qin opera功夫Kungfo太极Tai Chi口技ventriloquism 木偶戏puppet show 皮影戏shadowplay 折子戏opera highlights 杂技acrobatics相声witty dialogue comedy刺绣embroidery 苏绣Suzhou embroidery泥人clay figure 书法calligraphy中国画traditional Chinese painting 水墨画Chinese brush painting 中国结Chinese knot屮国古代四大发明the four great inventions of ancient China火药gunpowder 印刷术printing 造纸术paper-making 指南针the compass 青铜器bronze ware 瓷器porcelain; china 唐三彩tri-color glazed pottery of the Tang Dyn a sty景泰蓝cloisonne秋千swing武术martial arts旗袍cheongsam中山装Chinese tunicsuit唐装Tang suit风水Fengshui; geomantic omen阳历Solar calendar阴历Lun ar cale ndar闰年leap year 十二生肖zodiac 春节theSpring Festival 元宵节the Lantern Festival 清明节the Tomb-sweeping Day 端午节theDrag on-boat Festival 中秋节theMid-autumn Day 重阳节the Double-ninthDay 七夕节the Double-seventh Day 春联spring couplets 川i会temple fair 爆竹firecracker 年画(traditional) New Yearpictures 压岁钱New Year gift-money 舞龙drag on dance 元睿sweet sticky ricedumplings 花灯festival lantern 灯谜lanternriddle 舞狮lion dance 踩高跷stilt walking赛龙舟drag on boat race名胜古迹胡同hutong 长城the Great Wall of China 烽火台beacon tower 秦上台皇陵the Mausoleum of Emperor Qin shihua ng兵勺Terracotta Warriors and Horses 大雁塔Big Wild Goose Pagoda 丝绸之路the SilkRoad 敦煌莫高窟Mogao Grottoes 华清池Huaqing Hot Springs 五台llT'Wutai Mountain九华山Jiuhua Mountain 蛾眉山Mount Emei泰山Mount Tai黃山Mount Huangshan; the Yellow Mountai n故宫the Imperial Palace 天坛the Temple ofHeaven 午门Meridian Gate 大运河GrandCanal 护城河the Moat 回音壁Echo Wall 居庸关Juyongguan Pass九龙壁the Nine Drag on Wall黄帝陵the Mausoleum of Emperor Huangdi 十三陵the Ming Tombs 苏州园林Suzhougardens 西湖West Lake九寨沟Jiuzhaigou Valley 日月潭Sun MoonLake 布达拉宫Potala Palace 鼓楼drumtower四合院quadrangle; courtyard complex 孔庙Confucius Temple乐山大佛Leshan Giant Buddha十八罗汉the Eighteen Disciples of the Buddha喇嘛Lama古典文学儒家思想Confucianismf需家文化Confucian culture道教Taoism墨家Mohism法家Legalism 佛教Buddhism 孑L子Confucius 孟子Mencius老子Lao Tzu庄子Chua ng Tzu墨子Mo Tzu孙子Sun Tzu象形文字pictographic characters 文房四宝(笔墨纸观)the Four Treasures of the Study (brush, ink stick, paper, and ink stone)《大学》The Great Learning《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean《论语》The Analects of Confucius《孟子》The Mencius《孙子兵法》The Art of War《三国演义》Three Kingdoms《西游记》Journey to the West《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Mansions《水浒传》Heroes of the Marshes《山海经》The Classic of Mountains and Rivers《资治通鉴》History as a Mirror《春秋》The Spring and Autumn Annals《史记》Historical Records《诗经》The Book of Songs《易经》The I Ching; The Book of Changes《礼记》The Book of Rites《三字经》Three-character Scriptures 八股文eight-part essay 五言绝句five-characterquatrain 七肓律诗seven-character octave 常用词汇表示主要的，重要的词primary, major, main, chief important, essential, significant表示充足的enough, sufficient, plenty, abundant表示适当的appropriate表示提升,改善，加强enhance, improve, stre ngthen表示合法valid, legal, lawful, rightful 表示卓越不凡extraordinary, excellent, uncommon, remarkable, outstanding.表示很有名气well-known, noticeable, famous表示义务，冇责任去做compulsory, required, obligatory表示积极，主动positive, proactive表示合理sound, rational, correct, sensible, logical, reas on able表示英勇brave, bold, valiant, heroic, courageous, fearless表示巨大huge, large, giant, vast, en ormous表示牢固稳定sturdy, strong, firm, tough, stable, hardy表示〉：誉reputation, fame, prestige 表示巅峰、顶点tip, top, peak, apex, zenith, climax表示发现、探索discover, seek, search 表示増加increase, enlarge, multiply, expand, raise, accelerate, broaden, magnify表示减少reduce, decrease, decelerate, lessen, debase, abate, diminish, decline, discount, subtract, deduct衣示转变con vert, cha nge, tran sform,furn ish, con tribute, submit表示构成、组成constitute, consist, organize, form, erect, establish, compose, comprise, 加快人才培养accelerate the training of professio nals与... 建立关系establish relationship with在... 取得进步make progress in表示有用，有益helpful, useful, utile, beneficial发挥... 的作用play (central, crucial, decisive, esse ntial, fun dame ntal, imports nt, key, leadingj major,pnmary z prominent, significant, vital) role inswitch表示提供.提交offer, supply, provide,。