Nonfinitive verbs 非谓语动词（一）I.非谓语动词种类及句法功能在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。

非谓语动词有动词不定式（the Infinitive）；-ing分词；过去分词（the Past Participle）。

非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定式和-ing分词），在句中做主语、宾语、表语；可以有形容词作用，在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语；非谓语动词可以有副词作用，在句中作状语。

II. -ing分词& 过去分词1. 形式：（以do为例）-ing：doing/ being done/ having dong/having been done 否定式：not + doing-ed：done 否定式：not + done2．句法功能：（1）作主语：Reading aloud is very helpful. It's no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。

It is no use/no good/ fun/ a waste of time/ useless/ good/ worthwhile doing sth（2）作宾语：(做及物动词和介词的宾语)We have to prevent the air from being polluted.We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。

要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：enjoy, finish, escape, suggest, avoid（避免）, excuse ,delay(耽搁), imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit（承认），deny（否认）, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk（冒险）, appreciate（感激）, pardon(原谅), propose(提议), be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help（情不自禁地）, be used to(习惯于), look forward to, object to(反对), pay attention to, insist on.（3）作表语：In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs.The film being shown in the cinema is exciting.They are excited about the great film.常用v-ing形式或过去分词做表语的动词有：interest, move, discourage, encourage, amuse, astonish, surprise, shock, frighten, excite, inspire, please, satisfy, tire, bore, disappoint, invite.v-ing通常表示主动或进行，过去分词表示被动或完成。

（4）作定语：He can't walk without a walking-stick. Our class went on an organized trip last Monday.The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。

The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting.I know the people building the house there.The house built over there is a shop. The house being built over there is a shop.boiled water_______________ boiling water__________________fallen leaves_______________ falling leaves __________________the risen sun________________ the rising sun__________________（5）作状语：表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等, 分词的逻辑主语是隐含的，应该与句子的主语一致。

Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake. _________________ Having done his homework, he played basket-ball.__________________________________ Being a League member, he is always helping others. _______________________________ Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. _________________________________ He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. ______________________________________ The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students. ___________________________ Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents. ________________________ Once seen, it can never be forgotten. ____________________________________________ Given more time, I'll be able to do it better. _______________________________________ （6）作宾语补足语：如下动词后可跟分词作宾语补足语：感官动词see, watch, hear, feel, notice, observe, listen to, look at, catch，使役动词find, keep, leave, have, get, make，另外还有with+宾语+分词结构。

在这些结构中，-ing分词做宾补说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系，-ed分词做宾补，表示宾语是动作的承受者，形成逻辑上的动宾关系。

Can you hear her singing the song in the next room?I heard the song sung several times last week.They kept me waiting at the gate.She has us working day after day. They two had a wedding picture taken yesterday.I will have/get my bike repaired tomorrow.With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。

The boy lay on the grass, with his eyes looking at stars in the sky.III. Translate the phrases and rewrite the sentences with v-ing or the past participle.1. 一颗破碎的心a broken heart2. 鲁迅写的小说luxun ’s novel3. 吸毒成瘾的人_____________________4. 激动人心的消息an existing news5. 发展中国家________________________6. 发达国家_________________________7. The lecture was given by Professor Zhang. It is about the environment protection._____________________________________________________________________________8. The bike was stolen. It belongs to Jack._____________________________________________________________________________ 9. A woman is standing by the door. Who is she?_____________________________________________________________________________ 10. The room faces south. It is our room._____________________________________________________________________________ 11. When the stadium is seen from the top, it looks like a bird’s nest._____________________________________________________________________________ 12. Because she was interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor._____________________________________________________________________________ 13. When ice is taken into a warm room, it soon changes into water._____________________________________________________________________________ 14. Although he was left alone at home, Sam didn’t feel afraid at all._____________________________________________________________________________ 15. Since I had worked hard all day, I was ready for bed by eight o’clock._____________________________________________________________________________ 16. As she felt sick, the woman sat down quickly._____________________________________________________________________________ 17. When I was walking in the street, I happened to meet my old friend._____________________________________________________________________________ 18. When he was asked what had happened, he told us about it._____________________________________________________________________________ IV. Multiple choice:1. The secretary worked late into the night, _________ a long speech for the president.A. preparedB. preparingC. to prepareD. was preparing2. The computer center, _________ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.A. openB. openingC. openedD. to be opened3. The s peaker raised his voice but couldn’t make himself _____.A. hearB. to hearC. hearingD. heard4. She’s upstairs, ____________ letters.A. writesB. writeC. writingD. to write5. _____ to the notice, Mary said, “ Can’t you read?”A. PointedB. PointingC. To pointD. Having pointed6. The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks, ________ that he enjoyed hisstay here.A. Having addedB. to addC. addingD. added7.__________more attention, the tree could have grown better.A. GivenB. To giveC. GivingD. Having given8. The murderer was brought in , with his hands ______ behind his back.A. tryingB. to be tiedC. tiedD. having tied9. The _______ look on the girl’s face suggested that she _________ such bad news.A. surprising, would expectB. surprised, should expectC. surprising, shouldn’t have been expectedD. surprised, hadn’t expected10. The girl ___ forward to buying a new gold watch.A. referred to lookB. referred to lookingC. referred to looksD. referring to looks11.When I got back home I saw a message ________ to the door, _________ “Sorry to miss you,I will come later.”A. sticking; readsB. stuck; readC. pinned; readingD. pinning; reading12. She felt rather that she shouldn’t drive the car at such a speed.A. frightening, frighteningB. frightened, frightenedC. frightening, frightenedD. frightened, frightening13. Helen had to shout __________ above the sound of the music.A. making herself hearB. to make herself hearC. making herself heardD. to make herself heard14. Don’t leave the water _____________ while you brush your teeth.A. runB. runningC. being runD. to run15. I don’t mind___ to the party.A. being not invitedB. not invitingC. not being invitedD. not to be invited16. _______ a foreign language, one must have a lot of practice.A. For masteringB. MasteringC. To masterD. So as to master17. Many teachers were praised at the meeting, Mr. Zhou ____.A. including B .being included C. to include D. included18.________her mother had come, her face lit up.A. HearingB. Having heardC. When hearingD. When she heard19. The novel is said _______into many languages.A.translatedB. being translatedC. to have been translatedD. having been translated作定语：boiled water 开水boiling water 沸水fallen leaves落叶falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子the risen sun升起的太阳the rising sun冉冉上升的太阳作状语：Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake. 尽管…（让步状语）Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 完成…后（时间状语）Being a League member, he is always helping others. 作为…（原因状语）Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. 如果…（条件状语）He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 结果状语The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students. 伴随状语Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents. 因为（原因状语）Once seen, it can never be forgotten. 一旦…（时间状语）Given more time, I'll be able to do it better. 如果…（条件状语）Translate the phrases and rewrite the sentences with v-ing or the past participle.1. 一颗破碎的心a broken heart2. 鲁迅写的小说novels written by Lu Xun3. 吸毒成瘾的人people addicted to drugs4. 激动人心的消息exciting news5. 发展中国家developing countries6. 发达国家developed countries7. The lecture was given by Professor Zhang. It is about the environment protection. The lecture given by Professor Zhang is about the environment protection.8. The bike was stolen. It belongs to Jack.The stolen bike belongs to Jack.9. A woman is standing by the door. Who is she?Who is the woman standing by the door?10. The room faces south. It is our room.The room facing south is our room.11. When the stadium is seen from the top, it looks like a bird’s nest.Seen from the top, it looks like a bird’s nest.12. Because she was interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor. Interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor.13. When ice is taken into a warm room, it soon changes into water.When taken into a warm room, it soon changes into water.14. Although he was left alone at home, Sam didn’t feel afraid at all.Left alone at home, Sam didn’t feel afraid at all.15. Since I had worked hard all day, I was ready for bed by eight o’clock. Having worked hard all day, I was ready for bed by eight o’clock. 16. As she felt sick, the woman sat down quickly.Feeling sick, the woman sat down quickly.17. When I was walking in the street, I happened to meet my old friend. Walking in the street, I happened to meet my old friend.18. When he was asked what had happened, he told us about it.When asked what had happened, he told us about it.keys to multiple choice:1-5 BCDCB 6-10 CACDC 11-15 CDDBC 16-19 CDDC。