高考英语必备(个人整理)1. To one’s+ 情感名词Eg: To my surprise, he did very well in his previous job.令我吃惊的是，他在之前的那份工作中也干的不错。
( To one’s surprise 是固定搭配)用于该结构的名词常见的有admiration (羡慕), amazement (惊奇), amusement (娱乐), annoyance (烦恼), astonishment (惊奇), delight (欣喜), despair(绝望), disappointment(失望), embarrassment(难堪), happiness(幸福), horror (恐怖), joy (高兴), puzzlement (疑惑), regret (遗憾), relief (如释重负), satisfaction (满意), shame (羞愧), sorrow (悲伤), surprise (惊讶)等｡2.beside/besidesbeside是一个介词，表示在...的旁边，相当于by：而besides是一个副词，也可作介词，表示除了...还有...Eg：Don’t stand beside me. 不要站我旁边I am outgoing. Besides, I am helpful. 我很外向。
此外，我还乐于助人。
besides和except的区别都可解作“除……之外” 但含义不同。
except 表示“从所提到的人或事物中除去，即从整体中除去一部分”，表示递减的概念，含义是否定的。
besides表示“除了……之外，还有……”，指“在整体中加入一部分”，表示递加的概念，含义是肯定的。
试比较：①We all went except him. 除他之外，我们都去了。
(他没有去)②We all went besides him. 除他之外，我们大家也都去了。
(他也去了)3.See/ look/ watchSee 看见了（强调看的结果）Did you see it？你看见了吗？Look 意为看，瞧（强调动作）Look at the blackboard. 请看黑板。
Watch 观看,注视（形容观看的内容比较精彩,比较有过程）watch a game/watch a fight 看比赛,观看打斗（看得东西都比较有内容）常见短语：see sb doing sth（看见某人正在做...，doing作sb 的宾补）see sb do sth （看见某人做了...，强调看了整个过程）See a movie/ film 看电影Look like 看起来像.../ Look for... 寻找.../ have a look at看一看/ look at 看着（glare at 怒视/ stare at 盯着看/ glance at 一瞥）Watch TV看电视look out= watch out 担心，小心4.Hear / listenListen 不及物动词，表示有意识地听、仔细听,强调的是听的动作Listen to music 听歌Listen to me. 听我讲。
Hear 及物动词，强调听的结果I can’t hear you！我听不见你。
5.So/ suchsuch与so的意思都是“如此,这样”.但两者用法根本不同,与what和how引导的感叹句相类似.1、such后面主要是修饰名词.即：such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.或a/an＋such＋adj.＋n..如果名词是不可数名词或复数名词,则不可以用不定冠词a或an.如：①He has such a beautiful bike.We all go to see it.②It's a such fine day.We all want to go to fly a kite.2、so后面只能跟形容词或副词.即：和so＋adj.或adv.不过,so后面也可以跟名词,但该名词必须是单数可数名词.用法为：so+形容词+a或an+单数可数名词.如：①The tiger is so big.And the cat is so small.②She is so lovely a girl.3、它们后面还可以与that从句连用.即：such…that和so…that意思是“如此……以致……”.如：①She is such a clever girl that she can make much progress in math exam.②His brother is so young that he can't go to school.注：当名词前的形容词为表示数目的词时,such必须换成so.如：①There are so many people that we can't go past.②I ate so much food that I didn't want to go any farther.6.how/ what （how about= what about ...怎么样？）what、how常用于感叹句感叹句一般是用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。
英语感叹句常用"what"和"how"引导，"what"和"how"与所修饰的词置于句首，其它部分用陈述句语序。
一、由"what"引导的感叹句："what"意为"多么"用作定语，修饰名词（被强调部分），单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。
这类句子的结构形式是：what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语+(it is).如：① What a clever girl she is!多么聪明的姑娘呀！② What an interesting story it is!多么有趣的故事呀！③ What delicious food it is!多么有味的食物呀！二、由"how"引导的感叹句："how"意为"多么"，用作状语，修饰形容词或副词（被强调部分）。
如果修饰形容词，则句中的谓语动词用系动词；如果how修饰副词，则句中的谓语动词用行为动词，这类句子的结构形式是：How+adj.（adv.）+主语+谓语+(it is).如：① How cold it is today!今天多么冷呀！② How well she sings!她唱得多好呀！三、在表示同一意义时，英语感叹既可用"what"引导，也可用"how"引导。
如：① What a hot day it is! = How hot the day is !多么热的天气呀！② What bad weather it is! = How bad the weather is!多么糟糕的天气呀！四. What do you do？你是做什么的How do you do it？你是怎样做的7. Sometimes，sometime 和some time 的区别（1）sometimes的意思是“有时”,是副词.例如：Sometimes he comes by bike and sometimes by bus.他有时骑车来,有时乘公共汽车来.（2）sometime也是副词,意思是“在某个时候”.可用于一般过去时与将来时.例如：You can hand in your homework sometime before Friday.你可以在周五前某个时候交作业.（3）some time是名词短语,它的意思是“一段时间”.例如：I'll be away for some time.我将离开一段时间.8.表示“非常多”修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词不可数名词前可用：much, a little, a great deal of, a large amount of可数名词前可用：many, a few, a great many ,a large number of既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词的有：lots of，a lot of, plenty of,a great quantity of.9.another，the other，other, others.another（三个及以上之中）另一个the other（两个中）另一个other +n (other 是一个形容词)others n. =other+n（pl.）Eg：I am sorry，but can you give me another chance?Peter has two sons. One is six and the other is just two years old.We need to care about other people= we need to care about others.10.就近原则：1.There be 句型There is a book and some pencils on the desk.=There are some pencils and a book on the desk.2.neither...nor...Neither you nor he is right.= Neither he nor you are right.3.either...or...Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday.= Either Jim or they are going to shanghai next Saturday.4.not only...but also...Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.= Not only Ann's parents but also she stays at home every Sunday.就远原则有一类连接词,其后的谓语动词要与连接词前一部分的主语保持一致.此类连接词有with, along with,together with,as well as,besides,like,without, except (but),including等.例如：Lisa, as well as her parents, was invited by Jack. 丽萨和爸妈都被邀请了！Tracy,like many girls,loves dancing.特蕾西像很多女孩一样,喜欢跳舞.All the students,including Tom,are leaving.所有的学生,包括汤姆都走了.No one except (but) me knows about this news.除了我没有人知道11.关于元音字母和元音音节元音字母总共有五个 a e i o u但决定用冠词 a 还是an 取决于后面的单词首字母是不是元音因素（1）.A book, a useful book, a European country, a university, a unique man.【这些单词中的U 都发[ju:]，这是一个辅音音节】（2）.An umbrella，an apple，an hour, an honest man 【h 不发音】12.星期和月份（week / month）Monday星期一Tuesday 星期二Wednesday 星期三Thursday星期四Friday 星期五Saturday 星期六Sunday 星期天January一月February 二月March 三月April 四月May 五月June 六月 July 七月August 八月September 九月October 十月November 11月December 12月James Paul McCartney was born in 1942.James Paul McCartney was born in June 18th，1942.13.时间的读法What time is it now?---It is 9:00 /9:05/9:15/ 9:30/9:45 now.Nine o’clock/ nine o five/ nine fifteen(a quarter past nine)/ nine thirty(half past nine )/ nine forty-five (a quarter to ten)一分钟a minute 一秒a second 一小时an hour 一刻钟a quarter14.方位和位置East south west north center right leftSoutheast southwest _______(东北)________(西北)in表示A地在B地范围之内。