在职攻读法律硕士学位论文论联合国在国际政治经济关系中的作用及其改革导师：邓纲副教授作者：胡勇中国·重庆二○○七年九月内容摘要诞生于第二次世界大战后的联合国是国际关系史上的伟大创举，笔者从联合国的产生、宗旨、地位等方面入手，结合国际关系的基本概念，论述了联合国自建立以来在国际政治关系和国际经济关系中所起的作用。

通过展示联合国在世界政治经济领域所取得的成就，肯定了联合国在国际社会当中的地位，同时也否定了时下部分人对联合国作用的偏见。

联合国的地位的确曾经遭受过不少的质疑，甚至还有人把联合国等同于以前的国际联盟，认为联合国形同虚设，已经没有存在的必要，呼吁撤消联合国。

虽然联合国在成立之初，甚至在它成立之后的相当长一段时间之内，联合国这个国际组织曾经是美国等西方大国推行其全球战略的重要工具，但是经过半个多世纪的岁月，其面貌已经焕然一新，世界多极化不断发展，第三世界国家也已经在联合国当中崛起而成为举足轻重的成员，联合国正在由服务少数国家的国际组织逐渐演变成为服务世界大多数国家的国际组织。

多年来，联合国在维持国际和平与安全，促进国际间政治、经济、社会及文化等方面的合作与交流，以及协调各国行动等方面作出了很大的贡献，取得了举世瞩目的成就，它对世界的和平与发展起到的作用是其他任何国际组织所无法比拟的，所以我们应该尊敬联合国，应该积极配合联合国的工作。

当然联合国的工作也有不尽如人意的地方，多年来的实践也暴露出了其在调整国际关系中存在的不足以及软弱的一面，所以联合国需要在实践中不断改革和完善，也只有通过多方面的改革，才能使联合国在国际政治、经济关系以及其他国际事务中发挥更加突出的作用。

因为联合国的若干不足就否定它的存在是极其不负责任的态度，也是不实事求是的。

中华人民共和国作为世界上负责任的大国，应当担负起自己的责任，维护好联合国的权威，并且为联合国的改革和发展尽到自己的努力；在联合国的改革方面，中国应该更多地发挥自身的影响力，努力促使未来的联合国向着更加有利于世界各国人民的利益的方向发展，使未来的联合国更加符合时代的要求，更加能够代表现代文明。

关键词：联合国国际政治经济关系作用改革AbstractThe United Nations that born after World War II is a great unprecedented undertaking in the international relations history. The author discusses the functions of U.N in international political relations and international economy relations since its establishment, commencing from the creation, tenet, position of U.N, and combining with the basic concept of the international relations. The author affirms the position of U.N in international society through displaying the achievements of U.N obtained in political and economic field in the world, and also negates parts of people’s prejudice to the function of U.N nowadays. The position of U.N really had been exposed to much suspicion, even someone think U.N is the League of Nations before, it is only in name and has no existent necessity, they appealed to cancel it. Although at the beginning of establishment of U.N, even after a very long period of time after its establishment, this international organization was an important tool of the United States of America and some large countries in the western to promote its global strategy, but through more than half a century, its has already taken on a new look, multi-polar of the world is developing continuously, the third world nations also have already grown up in U.N and become the prominent members, U.N is just changing from an international organization serving only several nations to serving most of nations in the world. In the many past years, U.N made very big contributions to maintaining the international peace and safe, promoting international cooperation and communicating on the aspects of the politics, economy, society and cultural etc. and moderating the activities of all the countries etc. it obtained the achievements that attract the whole world’s attention, its function to the peace and development of the world are incomparable to any other international organization, so we should respect U.N, and match with its works.Certainly, the work of U.N is not perfect, the practice in the lastyears also exposed the sides of shortage and flabbiness in adjusting international relations, so U.N needs to reform and improve itself continuously in the practice, and only through the reform on various aspects, then can U.N display more outstanding functions in international politics, economy relations and other international businesses. If we negate its necessity to exist only because its shortage in some way, it is an absolutely irresponsible attitude, and is not practical and realistic too.As the responsible large country in the world, The People's Republic of China should bear her own responsibilities, maintain the authority of U.N, and make best effort in its reform and development; China should exert her influence more on the aspect of U.N reform, try hard to make the future of U.N advance its way to be advantageous of the international community people's benefits more, make the future of U.N accord with the request of the ages, and represent the modern civilization better.KEY WORDS: United Nations；international political and economy relation; function; reform目录一、概述 (1)（一）有关联合国的几个基本问题 (1)1.联合国的产生 (1)2.联合国的宗旨 (1)3.联合国的地位 (2)（二）有关国际关系的几个基本问题 (3)1.国际关系的含义 (3)2.国际关系理论 (3)二、联合国在国际政治经济关系中的作用 (4)（一）联合国在国际政治关系中的作用 (4)1.维护国际和平与安全 (4)2.反对军备竞赛，推动世界裁军 (4)3.打击国际恐怖主义 (5)4.提供人道主义援助 (5)5.小结 (6)（二）联合国在国际经济关系中的作用 (7)1.为落后国家和地区的经济发展作出了杰出贡献 (7)2.为世界范围内整合自然与经济资源不懈努力 (8)3.重视对特殊国家和地区的扶助 (9)4.小结 (9)（三）联合国在保护和促进人权中的作用 (11)1.人权的含义 (11)2.人权是政治、经济关系的集中体现 (11)3.国际人权保护的产生 (12)4.联合国人权保护机制 (12)5.联合国保护人权的成果 (13)（四）联合国促进了国际法的发展 (14)1.国际法的含义 (14)2.国际法对国际政治经济关系的影响 (14)3.联合国对国际法的促进和发展 (15)三、联合国作用之不足 (16)（一）联合国的作用受到限制 (16)（二）联合国大会作用之不足 (17)（三）联合国安全理事会作用之不足 (17)（四）联合国经社理事会作用之不足 (18)（五）联合国专门机构作用之不足 (19)四、联合国的改革 (19)（一）联合国安全理事会的改革 (19)（二）联合国经社理事会和托管理事会的改革 (20)（三）联合国的行政改革 (21)（四）联合国改革的前景 (22)五、中国在联合国改革中的作用 (23)（一）中国在联合国改革中发挥作用的几个基础性问题 (23)1.如何处理与美国的关系 (23)2.如何界定自己在联合国问题上的国家利益 (24)3.如何处理维护中国国家利益与维护国际正义和国际秩序的关系 (24)（二）中国在联合国改革中的作用 (25)1.实现《联合国宪章》宗旨,维护联合国权威 (25)2.实事求是,积极承担安理会常任理事国的责任和义务 (25)3.开展多边外交,共建和谐世界 (26)结语 (27)参考文献 (28)一、概述（一）有关联合国的几个基本问题1.联合国的产生联合国是在反法西斯联盟基础上逐步建立起来的崭新的、普遍性的国际组织。