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5修辞与翻译(1)


反语译例 1
• It must be delightful to find oneself in a foreign country without a penny in his pocket.
• 在异国他乡,身无分文,那才叫“绝”呢!
• 他浑身上下毫无缺点,连肚脐眼都没有! • He doesn’t have a single defect in his
译例 1:直译
• It is no use doing what you like; you have to like what you do.(Winston Churchill)
• 做你喜欢的不重要,重要的是喜欢你所做的。 • Ask not what your country can do for you;
排比 parallelism/parataxis
• 定义 • 译例
排比定义
• Parallelism: the use of identical or equivalent syntactic constructions in corresponding clauses.
• 排比:指用结构相似、语气一致、关系并列的一 组语句,接连表达几个相关意思的一种修辞方式。
• 暗喻:又称隐喻。把要说明的事物比喻成另外一 种具有鲜明的同一特点的事物,从而更形象、更 深刻地说明事理,增强语言的表现力和感染力。
暗喻的构成
• 1)组成 • After the long talk, he became the sun in
her heart. 这次长谈之后,他成了她心中的太阳。 (英汉的暗喻都不露比喻的痕迹,直接把甲说成 了乙,正是在这一点上有别于前面所讲的明喻。) • 2)比喻词 • 英语:be, become, turn into • 汉语:是,成了,成为,当作等
coming down can make it. It was a day
compounded from silences of bee and flower and ocean and land. (Ray Bradbury, The Vacation)
• 绿草萋萋,白云冉冉,彩蝶翩翩,这日子是如此 清新可爱。蜜蜂无言,春花不语,海波声咽,大 地音沉,这日子是如此安静。
直译法
• Joe, a clumsy and timid horseman, didn’t look to advantage in the saddle, “Look at him, Amelia my dear, driving into the parlor window. Such a bull in a china shop I never saw”.
• as sure as a gun
• 一贫如洗 • 非常镇静 • 非常不肯花钱 • 十分精明 • 一点不错;千真万确
暗喻 metaphor
• 暗喻的定义 • 英汉对应
暗喻的定义
• Metaphor: a figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison.
明喻的文化内涵 1
• 共性(universals) • 她的脸色苍白而带光泽,仿佛大理石似的;一双
眼睛又黑又大,在黯淡的囚房中,宝石似的闪着 晶莹的光。 • Her face was pale and yet as lustrous as marble, and her large, black eyes sparkled like jewels in that murky cell. • He drove as if possessed by the devil. • 他着魔似地驾车狂奔。
• as busy as a bee
• as cheerful as a lark
• 了如指掌
• 轻如鸿毛 • 冰冷 • 像蜜蜂一样忙碌 • 像云雀一样快活
喻意相同,喻体相异
• as stupid as a goose • as timid as a rabbit • as hoarse as a crow • as bold as a lion • as mute as a fish • as proud as a peacock • as strong as a horse • drink like a fish
明喻的文化内涵 2
• 个性(peculiarities) 1. 喻意相同,喻体相同或略异 2. 喻意相同,喻体相异 3. 无对应
喻意相同,喻体相同或略异
• know sth./ sb. like the palm of one’s hand
• as light as a feather
• as cold as ice
• 明喻:把甲事物比作乙事物,两者既不同类,又 不同质,只是在某一点上有相似之处。
明喻的构成
• 1)组成 • I wandered alone as a cloud. (“I” 是
Object/tenor本体, “lonely” 是sense喻意, “a cloud” 是image/vehicle喻体) • 2)比喻词 • 英语:as…as…, like, as, as if/though • 汉语:像,好像,如,犹如,若,宛若,宛如, 仿佛,如同,跟……一般
whole body. Why, he doesn’t even have a belly-button!
反语译例 2
• If people keep telling you to quit smoking cigarettes, don’t listen… They are probably trying to trick you into living longer.
第五章:修辞与翻译(1)转喻(借代) • 夸张 • 反语 • 反复
• 排比 • 拈连 • 头韵 • 尾韵 • 递升;递降
明喻 simile
• 明喻的定义 • 明喻的构成 • 明喻的文化内涵
明喻的定义
• Simile: a figure of speech in which one thing is likened to another, in such a way as to enhance an image.
排比译例 1
• 转喻:也叫借代。不直接把所要说的事物名称说 出来,而用跟它有关系的另一种事物的名称代替 它。例如用华盛顿来指代美国政府。
转喻:英汉对比
• 投笔从戎 • throw away the pen and take up the sword in
defense of the country • Pen is mightier than sword. • 笔威于剑。 • His wife spent all her life on the stage.
(theatrical profession) • 他的妻子在舞台上渡过了一生。(戏剧工作,表
演艺术)
转喻:翻译方法
• 汉语和英语里的转喻内容丰富,有借人或事物的 特征或标志来指人或事物;有借与人或事物有关 的工具或材料代指人或事物;有借与人或事物有 关的所属或所在代指人或事物。一般而言,可以 对这种辞格采用直译,但有时因为两种语言的不 同表达习惯,需要采用意译。
英汉对应
• 完全对应 • Our blood boils.我们热血沸腾。 • 部分对应 • draw water in a sieve 竹篮打水 • 无对应 • be tied to sb’s apron-strings 受人控制
比喻的翻译
• 保留原语形象(直译) • 转换原语形象(替换) • 舍弃原语形象(意译)
• 夸张:指凭借丰富的想象,用铺饰张大的语言, 对事物的某些方面进行夸大或缩小,进行艺术渲 染。
夸张译例
• 夸张一般直译,对夸张的内容不需改变,也不能 改变,但涉及语言习惯时,可略作调整。
• Thanks a million. • 万分感谢。 • I have told you fifty times. • 我告诉过你好多次了。
转喻定义
• Metonymy: a figure of speech in which the name of an attribute or a thing is substituted for the thing itself as in the use of Washington for US government.
反语 irony
• 定义 • 译例
反语定义
• Irony: the use of words to express something different from and often opposite to their literal meaning.
• 反语:使用同本意完全相反的词句来表达本意, 明显含有嘲弄讽刺的意思,从而使本意更加突出。
意译法
• By the winter of 1942 their resistance to the Nazi terror had become shadow.
• 到了1942年冬季,他们对于纳粹恐怖活动的抵制 已经名存实亡。
转喻 metonymy;借代synecdoche
• 转喻定义 • 英汉对比 • 翻译方法
• 如果有人苦口婆心劝你戒烟,不要理他们—— 他 们是想骗你活得长久些!
• --- It is raining cats and dogs! • --- Lovely weather, isn’t it?(太好了!)
反复 repetition
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