作 业
作业：分组查阅下列语言学领域写出综述（英语）并参考所提供的问题进行主题发言（汉语） • Phonetics • Phonology • Morphology • Syntax • Semantics • pragmatics • Psycholinguistics • Cognitive linguistics • Comparative linguistics • Historical linguistics • Anthropological linguistics • Ecolinguistics • Functional linguistics • Discourse analysis • Second language acquisition • Stylistics • Sociolinguistics • Applied linguistics • Corpus linguistics • Forensic linguistics
♠ 定义：一篇正式的、有一定长度且有详细文献根 据的学术性文章（分类、描写、分析、解释）。
Introduction
• 1. Types of research papers? Report research paper. A writer may gather information on a topic from several sources and present it in paraphrase (i.e., in his or her own words) in a coherent, organized way. In this type of paper, the writer reports what others have said without making any attempt to add personal comments, or a personal point of view, on the main issue. This is a common requirement of undergraduate course and is often called a report. 项目报告，实验报告，实习报告，实践报告，调研报告，读书（学习）报告 1. Argumentative research paper. When the writer presents the ideas of others and also makes judgments on them, adds personal comments, and tries to support a different, personal position on the main issue, the paper is an argumentative one. (It is sometimes called a thesis) In graduate course, this is the standard requirement. This is also the type of paper that scholars publish in journals because it is this type that communicates advances in knowledge, new ideas, and new points of view. Sometimes this type of paper forms the basis of a proposal (as for a graduate thesis or dissertation) because it concludes with a statement of a proposed project that the writer or someone else will undertake. Professional degree vs academic degree
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语言学研究方法 与学术规范
Introduction
Purpose of the course and how? ♠A milestone between a graduate and postgraduate esp. in China ♠learn how one can be able to write papers ♠know the steps of research paper writing and the format ♠ know how to think and do ♠understand what one learns ♠steps: presentation, discussion and assignment
作 业
• • • • • • • • • How can it be roughly defined? What are the possible themes in this area? How is it developed or established? What are the main methods used in relevant studies? What are the hot issues in this area? What representative monographs can be read if one wants to know further? • 参考书目： 参考书目： Wray A., T. Kate, B. Aileen, R. Shirley and C. Butler. Projects in Linguistics: A Practical Guide to Researching Language（语言学课题： 语言研究实用指南）[M]. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2001. Carole S. Form and Style: Research Papers, Reports and Theses（如何 写研究论文与学术报告）[M]. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2001. Lionel M. Writing a Research Paper [M]. Michigan: the University of Michigan Press, 1997.
Introduction
• Structure of research papers? Regardless of subject area, most research papers have a similar general structure. The introductory paragraphs state what is to be discussed and give the context of the subject, normally mentioning work done by others. The introduction then usually mentions how the writer will deal with the subject, whether by summarizing and synthesizing the work of others (a report), or by arguing logically about facts and theories, or by presenting the results of experimental research, or in any other way or combination of ways. The end of the introduction usually includes the main idea sentence (or thesis statement). The longest section of a research paper is usually called the body to distinguish it from the introduction and conclusion. It consists of many paragraphs, carefully linked with the introduction and conclusion and with each other, which present information and discussion in an organized way. The concluding paragraphs usually summarize the main point of the paper and restate, in different wording, the thesis statement. Often the conclusion also has some indication of the implications and consequences of the study, such as a recommendation for action or further research.
Introduction
• Principle of writing research papers? ♠ originality; 原始/后续/引进/集成创新 ♠ pioneering; ♠ reliability; ♠ workability; ♠ availability 四个注意： 1）注意尽早明确学术方向； 2）注意吸收新知识和新成果并且常读研究性论文和新书； 3）注意用心收集日常语言现象——身边、报纸、电视／电 影、网络等； 4）注意发现学术现象并提出研究问题。（冉永平：2006 （6）：96-97）
introduction
• Why do researches
• 意义：学位的需要ຫໍສະໝຸດ 工作的需要；做人 的需要。Introduction
• What are research papers? ♠ Research paper or term paper is a lengthy written composition that is usually developed and written during the course of a whole term or semester or for the sake of an academic degree which involves the writer in searching for published information on a specific topic, studying and thinking about this information and then writing about the topic in a way that makes use of the information