定语是两个以上的词组、短语或从句则放在被修饰词的后面， 如： ③She is the girl in red. （介词短语作定语） ④The lady carried a bag full of money. （形容词短语作定语） ⑤He is the man who you are looking for. （定语从句作定语）
overcome difficulties. • 2．表示转折关系，常用连词有but，however, yet（然而），
while（而）等。 • ①He is young, but he works hard. • ②She is tall, while her elder sister is short.
英语句子类型简单句并列句复 合句
简单句基本句型
1. 主语 ＋ 不及物动词 She came．/ My head aches. 2. 主语 ＋ 及物动词 ＋ 宾语
She likes English. 3. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋表语 （主语补语） She is happy． 4. 主语 ＋ 双宾动词 ＋ 间接宾语 ＋ 直接宾语 She gave John a book．
并列句
• 3．表示选择关系，常见连词有or，not...but（不是……而 是……），either...or...（要么……要么……）等。
• ①Hurry up, or we'll be late. • ②Either you come to my home or I get to yours.
• 4．表示因果关系，常见连词有as，for（因为），so等 • ①Mike didn't come to school, for he was ill. • ②He works hard, so he is a top student of class.
并列句
• 由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来的句子叫 并列句。常见分类：
• 1．表示同等、平行或承接关系，常用连词有and， both...and...，not only...but also...，neither...nor...，as well as等。
• ①He helps me and he also helps others. • ②She not only gave us a lot of advice, but also helped us to
meeting. • 结果: He was very angry, so that he left the room without
saying a word. • 目的: The teacher must speak clearly so that his students can
understand well. • 条件: Provided (that) he wins the support of the minority
放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰该 名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行 词。
Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.
先行词 关系词 定语从句
关系代词
that，which, who, whom, whose
关系副词
where, when， why
先行词和关系词的关系
1.A plane is a machine that can fly.
a machine = that
2.The boy who broke the window is called Tom.
the boy =who 关系代词实际上是先行词的复指
3.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather. the boy’s =whose
groups, he will be able to win the election. • 让步: Rich as he is, Mr. Johnson is by no means a happy man.
定语从句
英语中的定语是一个词时，放在被修饰词的前面， ①a beautiful girl ②a lovely boy （形容词作定语）
关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格
4.The school where I study is far from my home.
in the school = where 关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词
关系代词的实质
复杂句/复合句
• 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。
复合句
状语从句 定语从句 主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 同位语从句
名词性从句
状语从句
• 时间: Everybody was assigned a job as soon as they left university.
• 地点: Where there is a will, there is a way. • 方式: You must do the exercises as I show you. • 原因: Since the speaker can’t come, we’ll have to cancel the
There existed many dinosaurs.
简单句的基本词序
主语
动词部分 宾语
状语
（谓语）
(方式 /地点/时间)
I
b
The children ran
home.
We
ate
our meal
in silence.
The car
stopped
suddenly.
She bought a book for me. 5. 主语 ＋ 及物动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾补 She makes her mother angry．
The teacher asked me to read the passage. 6. There be句型：
There is a book on the desk.