Simple Sentence 简单句一个主语+一个谓语动词1.The mother is dressing her baby.2.The party ended early.3.He lost his wallet last week.4.The city was destroyed by the earthquake.两个或多个主语+一个谓语动词5.Tom and Mary are sitting under the tree.6.Her speech and performance moved the audience.一个主语+两个或多个谓语动词7.He is reading and writing at the same time.8.The factory chimney smoked and polluted the air.两个或多个主语+两个或多个谓语动词9.Mike, Jack and Lucy lubricated my car, replaced the oil filter, and cleaned the spark plugs.Compound Sentences 并列句A compound sentence is made up of two or more simple sentences, usually connected by a comma plus a joining word (and, but, for, or, nor, so, yet). It is used when you want to give equal weight to closely related ideas. The technique of showing that ideas have equal importance is called coordination1. The heavy rain started suddenly, so we stopped planting our trees.2. Frank wanted to go swimming, but Mary decided to go shopping.3. Jane works at the Family Planning Clinic and her husband Smith does research work for the same unit.4. Mary had to give up sewing, for her arthritis had become very painful.(注意：for是并列连词，而because和since 为从属连词) .实际上，but, yet 和for之后的句子从语气上更引人注目.Practice: Combine the following pairs of simple sentences. Use a comma and a joining word (and, but, for, so) to connect each pair.1.I cleaned the spot on the kitchen floor. It still looked dirty.2.My son is studying computer science. My daughter is majoring in communication.3.We are watering the trees. We don’t have any rain for a month.4.The children started arguing. I made them turn off the TV.5.At midnight my roommate closed her books. I studied until 2AM.6.We must plan our family budget carefully. The price of food has risen recently.Complex Sentences 复合句A complex sentence is made up of a simple sentence (a complete statement) and a statement that begins with a dependent word. (连词) It is used when you want to emphasize one idea over another in a sentence.1. Because I forgot the time, I missed the play.2. While Susan was eating the fish, she began to feel sick.3. I checked my paper again before I handed it to my professor.4. When Cindy lost her temper, she also lost her manner.5. Although Tom practiced for two months, he failed his driving test.Practice A: Use appropriate dependent words to combine the following pairs of simple sentences into complex sentences. Place a comma after a dependent sentence when it starts the sentence.1.Jack obtained a credit card. He began spending money carelessly.2.The sun went down. We stayed on the beach.3.English is offered only in the morning. Chemistry can be taken at night.4.The movie disgusted the coach. He walked out after 15 minutes.5.The house had been burglarized. Smith couldn’t sleep soundly for several months.6.His vision begins to fade. He knows he’d better get some rest.7.The storm hit the coast city. We crisscrossed our windows with strong tape.Practice B: Rewrite the following sentences, using subordination rather than coordination. Includea comma when a dependent statement starts a sentence.1.The tape recorder was not working right, so I returned it to the store.2.The muffler shop advertised same-day service, but my car wasn’t ready for three days.3.The high-blood-pressure pills produced dangerous side effects, so the government bannedthem.4.David lopped dead branches off the tree, and Mike stacked them into piles on the groundbelow.5.Diana wedged her handbag tightly under her arm, for she was afraid of muggers.6.Richard counted the cash three times, but the total still didn’t tally with the amount on theregister tape.Practice C: Combine the following simple sentences into complex sentences. Omit repeated words. Use the dependent words who, which, or that.1.My father planted these apple trees three years ago. They have not borne any fruit.2.The boy was in a motorcycle accident. The boy limps.3.Joan is a champion weight lifter. Joan is my neighbor.4.The two screws were missing from the assembly kit. The two screws held the bicycle frametogether.5.The letter is from my friend abroad. The letter arrived today.6.The tall hedge muffled the highway noise. The hedge surrounded the house. Compound-complex Sentence 并列复合句The compound-complex sentence is made up of two (or more) simple sentences and one (or more) dependent statements.1.When the power line snapped, Jack was listening to the stereo, and Linda was reading in bed.2.After I returned to school following a long illness, the math teacher gave me make-up work,but the history teacher made me drop her course.Practice:Use coordination or subordination to combine the groups of simple sentences into one or more longer sentences. Omit repeated words. Keep in mind that, very often, the relationship among ideas in a sentence will be clearer when subordination rather than coordination is used.1.My car is not starting on cold mornings. I think the battery needs to be replaced. I already hadit recharged once. I don’t think it would help to charge it again.2.I needed butter to make the cookie better. I couldn’t find any. I used vegetable oil instead.3.Gena had worn glasses for 15 years. She decided to get contact lenses. She would be able tosee better. She would look more glamorous.4.The children at the day-care center took their naps. They unrolled their sleeping mats.5.Jack dialed the police emergency number. He received a busy signal. He dropped the phoneand ran. He didn’t have time to call back.6.Louis disliked walking home from the bus stop. The street had no overhead lights. It was linedwith abandoned buildings.7.The rain hit the hot pavement. Plumes of steam rose from the blacktop. Cars slowed to a craw.The fog obscured the driver’s vision.8.His car went through the automated car-wash. Harry watched from the sidelines. Floppybrushes slapped the car’s doors. Sprays of water squirted onto the roof.9.The pipes had frozen. The heat had gone off. We phoned the plumber. He couldn’t come fortwo days. He had been swamped with emergency calls.10.My car developed an annoying rattle. I took it to the service station. The mechanic lookedunder the hood. He couldn’t find what was wrong.。