翻译技巧Exercise 1: Correct Understanding of Word’s Meaning（理解）1 .a)Just as the athletes try to top past performances,host cities try to outdo oneanother.Nowhere is this clearer than in the opening ceremony.b)Welcoming speeches by officials are topped off by musical performances and other entertainment.c) He is one of the top students in my class.2.a)Like knows like.b)He likes skiing more than skating.c)Like other Plague,SARS can spread very quickly.d) Like charges repel; unlike charges attract.f)L ike they say ”What goes around comes around”3. a)He was badly wounded in the head.b)You should use your head a bit.c)He has a good head for Chemistry.d)The party cost us 100 yuan per head.e) Present at the conference were the heads of the 10 real estate companies.4 .a)He often turns a deaf ear to our advices.b)She has an ear for music.5 a) The full name of the UK is… is a complicated name for what is in many ways a complicated countries.b)Which is the nearest way to the nearest post office?c)I am afraid I haven’t got any other way to solve this problem?6 a)The civil war which brought the roundheads to power in the 17th century wasrooted in a dispute over the power of the king viv-a-vis parliament.b)Knowledge is power.C)Assume that the input voltage of the power supply remains constant.7a)打铁b) 打家具c)打球d)打井e)打字f)打酒g) 打鱼h）打的i）打水Exercise 2:Expression of word’s Meaning（表达）1．America’s love affair with the credit card began in 1949 , when businessman Frank X McNamara finished a meal in a New York restaurant and then discovered he had no cash. In those days, gasoline and store charge cards were common, but cash was standard for almost everything.2. French is Greek to me./The last World Chanpion was his waterloo.3. To be an Negro in America is to hope againsthope.(Martin Luthur king)4. His selfishness sent him into isolation5. The car in front of me stalled and I missed the green.6. He was born with a silver spoon in his mouth.7. Life is a battle from cradle to grave.8. Although the president promised that the finance would not go into t he red,the public didn’t believe him.9. There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of the imperialists.10. His parent are dead against his marriage.11. Music has been meat and drink to him for years./They have their smiles and tears.12. Every dog has its day13. ---How much do you want?---10,000 yuan..---10,000 yuan.? That a peanut.Here they are.14. You are quite wrong in supposing that we can’t do without you.You have never been more than a bubble to us.15. Application of gene tcechnology is still in its infancy16.In this case, the operation of this plan will be impossible..Exercise 3: Expansion of word’s Meaning(ctd)A1.Hangzhou is famous for its beautiful scenery.B1.He is a notorious smuggler.A2.Developed countries should do their part in helping the underdeveloped ones out of difficlty.B2.These people are very snobbish.1.—What happened to him then ?---He was shot by his soldiers.---He deserves it.2.He can’t have a good future./Having been admitted into such a excellent senior high school,that hadr-working beautiful girl will have a bright future.3.The young farmer is quite ambitious.He is determined to help the villagers out of poverty./Their ambition to overthrow the government sent them into prison.4．This doctor enjoys a good reputation in this area for giving the poor free treatment.5.His habitual theft earns him a reputation.6.As luck would have it,he was not in that house when the fire broke out.7.As luck would have it,the bridge collapsed when he was driving cross it.8. The agreesive young man took the opportunity that came to him and soon become distinguished in that field. /Japan is an aggreesive people.Exercise 4:Conversion1).N/Prep/ Adj→v1.The classification of civilizations as the Stone age,Bronze Age,and Iron Agedepends principally on the kind of tools used.2.Years ago,she was told by doctors that she had no chance to be a mother,butnow she is pregnant.The improbable pregnancy is really a big news to both her doctors and her family.3.They fell into love at the first sight and devorced at the first quarrel.4.This kind of gas is not recyclable.5.Short of money,they had to rent a small house to live in.6.He likes to keep all the door and windows open to let the air in.7.Antibiotics is usually used against infection.8.Translation can be defined as the representation of both the meaning and the styleof the ST in another language.2).V/ adj /adv→n1.A very elegant lady,who looks and talks like a Japanese, is coming up to us.2.Boiling point is defined as the temperature at which the vapor pressure is equal to that of the atmosphere.3.The contract will be good/valid for 50 years.4.This method is characterized with high efficiency.5.It was officially acknowledged that the reform is a failure.6.Our son should be strong both physically and mentally.3).N/adv→adj1.The woman was sipping the wine with great elegance.2.The girls upstairs are laughing and shouting.3.Her performance in GZ was a great success.4.The advantages mentioned above are also true of the study in this field.4)v/.adj/n→adv1.His capability to control unstable situation earned him great reputation.2.China has been seeing rapid development of science and technology since 1978..3.In his speeches,Bush induldged in violent attack on Saddam HoussinExercise 5:Addition1.In the evening,after the debate and the party,he’ll write a report in them.2.With what enthusiam the Chinese people are building socialism with the Chinesecharacteristics.3.The crowds melted away.4.The virus may survive years5.The lion is the king of animals.6.After all the preparation is done, the party will begin.7.Having finished all the homework,the boy went out to play with his friends.8.The car is fine and cheap.9.She made many mistakes in the exam, very bad ones.10.Breast cancer, diagnosed early, can be cured.11.I had finished all the work.12.In secret we met, in silence I grieve.13.Don’t take it seriously.I am just joking.14.Yes,I like western stylelots of people do nowadays.Sort of fashion.15.They were ready to serve him as they were their own master.16.As luck would have it, he met with his sister who had been missing for manyyears.17.Only you and I were not late this mornng.18.--Is this your bag? —Yes ,it is.19.After he put on his coats and hats,he left.20.Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own.21.let’s draft safty and sanitary regulations.22.The cars of Zhang and wang have been checked.23.This is our attitude,not theirs.24.For a good ten minutes, she cursed her and her brother.25.Their children are always ragged.26.There had been too much publicity about the affair.27.Reading makes a full man;conference a ready man;writing an exact man.28.Without a good understanding of the ST, how can appropriate expression beexpected?29.A very little encouragement would set that worldly woman to talk volubly andpour out all within her.30.You should,you can and you must pass this important exam.Exercise 6:Omission1.The intensity of sound is inversely proportional to the square of the distancemeasured from the source of the sound.2.He must regard himself as an economist,a commercial traveller,and an advertisingagent for his country.3.Smoking is prohibited in public places.4.The present onslaught of vehicles poses a serious threat to urban life and pedestrainpeace of mind.5.Yet so elusive is their(the flowers) beauty that it is a rare artist indeed who cancapture it with accuracy and realism.6.As the desert is like a sea,so is the camel like a ship.7.Take a wider and longer view,and you will see it differently.8.When he falls ill,he will go to his docter .9.It will take them much less to spend their holidays in a nigth-and-breakfast inn.10.When the salary gets high,the price of the everyday necessities will get high..11.Shippment must be effected within the 30 days after receiving the L/C.12.The undersigned sellers and buyers have agreed to close the following transactionsaccording to the terms and conditions stipulated below.13.Neither party shall cancel the contract without sufficient cause or reason.14.This treatment did not produce any harmful side effect.15.There is no snow.The leaves were gone from the tree and the grass were dead.16.Manager applicants who have ever worked as a manager for over 2 years willreceive preference over those who have not..Exercise 7: Translation of Sentences in Passive V oice1.passive patterns commonly uesd in English.It is hoped that…It is reported that…It i s said that…It is supposed that…It must be admitted that…It must be pointed out that…It will be seen from this that…It is asserted that…It is believed that…It is thought thatIt is well-known that…It is generally accepted that…It will be said that…It is often found that…It is generally agreed that…2.PassageAs oil is found deep in the ground its presence can not be determined by a study of its surface.Consequently a geographical survey of the underground rock structure must be carried out.If it is thought that the rocks in a certain area contain oil,a “drilling” rig is assembled.The most obvious part of a drilling rig is called a “derrick”.It is used to lift sections of pipe,which are lowered into the hole made by the drill.As the hole is being drilled,a steel pipe is pushed down to prevent the sidesfrom falling in.If oil is struck,a cover is firmly fixed to the top of the pipe and the oil is allowed to escape through a series of valves.Quiz1)He is a good friend that speaks well of us behind our backs.2)There is not any hard evidence that salt causes high blood pressure in normalpeople.3)The melting point of a substance is the temperature at which the change ofstate from solid to liquid occurs.4)This chapter provides a brief review of applicable theory for computer.5)In the absence of force,a body will either remain at rest,or continue to movewith contrast speed in a straight line6)While the stars look like mere spots,they are in reality enormous bodies.7)Smiling faces greeted him when he appeared on the stage.8)Day after day he came to his work—sweeping, scrubing, cleaning.9)The recent discovery has challenged their old notions.10)Can you produce any evidence to challenge the fact?11).They began to study and analyze the situation of the enemy.12).I had imagined it to be merely a gesture of affection,but it seems it is tosmell the lamb and make sure that it is her own.13)The full name of the UK is…It is a complicated name for what is in manyways a complicated countries.14)The civil war which brought the roundheads to power in the 17th centurywas rooted in a dispute over the power of the king viv-a-vis parliament.15)The association of high achivement with the color blue is fairlywidespread in the west.16)I found this very profitable in diminishing the intensity of insular prejudice.17) In industrial age, money became the king.18).His marriage with XX is his entrée to the governor’s office.19)Too much has been said about the importance of the adjustment in theexpression of translation.Now let’s move up to the next topic.20)The art of pleasing is one that is necessary to possess,but difficult to acquire.Itcan hardly be reduced to rules.Exercise 8:Conversion of Affirmative and Negative SentencesDue to the differences existing between the 2 languages and 2 cultures, translators often have to translate affirmative sentences into negative ones or negative sentences into affirmative ones so as to make the TT both faithful and smooth.I. From Affirmative into Negative1).Wet paint.2)Admission by invitation only.3).Agreeable sweetness.4)Keep upright.5)We had better luck than we had bargained for.6)I have read your article.I expected to meet an older man.7)He does badly who does all.8) The beauty is beyond description.9) Leave the dog alone.10)My son proved worthy of my trust.11)He was at a loss what to say.12)It will be generally found that the men who are habitually behind time arehabitually behind success.13) The point sliped my attention.14)It’s too good to be true.15)Carbon differ from metals in that its resistance decrease as its temprature rises.16) Eden knew the Middle East better than making such a mistake.17) The shortness of time has required omissiom of some states.18) I am far from blaming him.19) Things would become better instead of worse.From Negative into Affirmative1.Nothing is more beautiful than truth.2.He’ll be back in no time.3. Not until I finish the task shall I be able to go to play.4. It is no less than blackmail to ask such a high price.5.Your work leaves nothing to be desired.6.You can’t be too careful when you are driving.7. If we can help you further ,please don’t hesitate to get in touch with us.8.It was no other than Professor Smith.9.He has no more than three dictionaries.10.If any matter should be added after the contract comes into force,then such amatter should be agreed upon by both sides through friendly consultation.11. University graduates, with no exception, were sent to remote area thatyear.Exercise 9: Translation of Long /complex SentencesI.PracticeA:By dividing the long sentence and translate them in the original order. 1.I have been lately informed by the preprietor of The World that two Papers,in which my dictionary is recommended to the Public were written by your Lordship.(A Letter To Lord Chesterfield by Samuel Johnson)2.What we really know is that men,unlike animals,somehow invented certain sounds to express thoughts and feelings,actions and things so that they cound communicate with each other;and that later they agreed upon certain signs,called letters,which could be combined to represent those sounds and which could be written down.3.On a warm, miserable morning last week we went up to the Bronx Zoo to see the moose calf and to break in a new pair of black shoes.4.It begins as a childlike interest in the grand spectacle and exciting event; it grows as a mature interest in the variety and complexity of the drama, the splendid achievements and terrible failures; it ends as deep sense of the mystery of man’s life of all the dead, great and obscure, who once walked the earth, and of wonderfuland awful possibilities of being a human being.B: By adjusting the order of the clauses in translating them1.Sidney,who died in a battle when he was only 32 years old,was not only a great soldier,but a brilliant poet as well.2.F.D.R became the fisrt president to visit South America when he went to Clumbia in 1934.3.Why should you just stay at home when you have a chance to go out and play to your heart’s content?4.Does it really help society,or the victim,or the victim’s family,to put in jail a man,who drove a car while drunk,has injured or killed another person?5.For a family of four, for example, it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home, with almost unlimited entertainment available, than to go out in search of amusem ent elsewhere.C: By adjusting the logical relation between the clauses.1.Long long ago,there was a big ,fat woman who had a thin small husband.2.She persisted in her work when she might take a good rest.3.The little girl who was afraid of waking hermother walked quietly out of room..4.Another cause of obscurity is that the writerhimself is not sure of the meaning.5. The British queue up;the Americand wait inline,except for New yorkers,who wait on line. 6.His famous will,in which he left money to provide prize for outstanding work in Physics,Chemistry,Physiology,Medicine,literature and Peace,is a memorial to his intrests and ideas. 7. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.(定语--假设条件)Exercise 10: Cohesion and Coherence in TranslationRead the following passage, find out the cohesive ties and then put them into proper Chinese.Our Picture of the UniverseIn order to talk about the nature of the universe and todiscuss questions such as wether it has a beginning or an end,you have to be clear about what a scientific theory is.I shall take the simpleminded view that a theory is just a model of the universe,or a restricted part of it,and a set of rules that relates quantities in the model to observations that we make.It exists only in our minds and does not have any other reality whatever they might mean.A theory is a good theory if it satisfies two requiremnets:it must accurately describe a large class of observations on the basis of a model that contains only a few arbitrary elements,and it must make definite prediction about the results of future observation.For example,Aristotle’s theory that everything was made out of four elements,earth air,fire and water,was simple enough to qualify,but it did not make definite predictions.On the other hand,Newton’s theory of gravity,was based on an even simpler model,in which bodies attracted each other with a force that was proportional to a quantity called their mass and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.Yet it predicts the motions of the sun,the moon and the plantes to a hgh degree of accuracy.Happiness Consists in LoveWho can say in what remoteness of time, in what difference of earthly shape,love first come to us as a stranger in the jungle? We ,in our human family,know him through dependence in childhood, through possession in youth, through sorrow and loss in their seasons. In childhood we are happy to receive it;it is the first opening of love.In youth we take and give,dedicate and possess—rapture and anguish are mingled,until parenthood brings a dedication that,to be happy,must ask for no return.All these are new horizons of content,which the lust of holding,the enemy of love,slowly contaminates.loss,sorrow and separation come,sickness and death; possession, that tormented us, is nothing in our hands;it vanishes.Love’s elusive enchantment,his ubiquitous presence,again become apparent;and in age we may reach a haven that asking for nothing knows how to enjoy.例:Scientists believe that there must be hundreds of heavenly bodies in the universe where human beings or something like human beings may exist.科学家们相信，人类或类似人的生物能够生存的天体，在宇宙中可能有几百个。