非谓语动词用法归纳一、表格的用法1. doing 的用法（1）在要求动词后（作宾语）：avoid 避免appreciate 感激/欣赏acknowledge 承认/自认admit 承认advocate 提倡/ 主张consider 考虑can't help 不禁can't stand 受不了contemplate 细想complete 完成confess 坦白dislike 不喜欢，讨厌deserve 值得delay 延迟deny 否认dread 可怕defer 拖延detest 嫌恶enjoy 享有/喜爱envy 嫉妒endure 忍受excuse 借口escape 逃跑/ 逃避finish 完成forgive 原谅fancy 幻想/ 爱好favor 造成/ 偏爱figure 描绘/ 计算hate 讨厌imagine 设想involve 卷入/ 包含keep 保持miss 错过mention 说到/ 讲到mind 介意pardon 原谅/ 饶恕permit 允许postpone 推迟practice 实行/实践prevent 阻止quit 放弃停止risk 冒险recall 回想resist 抵抗/ 阻止resume 恢复repent 悔悟resent 怨恨stand 坚持/ 忍受suggest 建议save 营救/ 储蓄tolerate 忍受worth 值得You should try to avoid making mistakes.The book is worth reading.The book deserves reading.（2）表进行Walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.=When I was walking on the grassland, I saw a snake. The man speaking English is Tom. = The man who is speaking English is Tom.（3）表主动The man speaking English is Tom = The man who speaks English is Tom.= The man who spoke English is Tom.Nobody dinks boiling water but boiled water.= Nobody dinks water that is boiling but the water that has boiled.（4）表伴随I stand outside waiting for Mr. Chen.I lie in bed reading a novel.（5）表性质；特点The film is very moving.She is understanding, so you had better discuss your business with her.6）概括性, 一般性Climbing mountain is very interesting.Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring ．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。
（概括性,一般性）Our work is serving the people ．（7）动名词的逻辑主语为；①人称代词的所有格+动名词；②名词's+ 动名词。
例如：Tom insisted on my going with them ．他坚持要我和他们一起去。
He dislikes his wife's working late ．他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。
2. being done 表示正在进行的被动The boy being criticized by Mr. Chen is Tom. = The boy who is being criticized by Mr. Chen is Tom.Being criticized by Mr. Chen, the boy felt sad. = Whent he boy was being criticized by Mr. Chen, he felt sad.The building being built will be the tallest one in this city.= The building that is being built will be the tallest one in this city.3. having done 有先后动作表完成（一般用在句首）Having finished the class, I went home. = After I had finished the class, I went home.Having done the work, I had a short rest. = After I had done the work, I had a short rest.Having done the work, I went back home.Having been done, the work was checked by the leaders.4. having been done 用于句首；有先后动作表完成有先后动作表完成, （有过去时间或过去动作）I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.（要求动词后）=I appreciate that I was given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.Having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago, I still appreciate your help then.= Because I was given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago, I still appreciate your help thenI appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.I enjoy giving the opportunity to study abroad to Mr. Wang.I appreciate being given the opportunity to study abroad now.Having been finished, the report was turned in.= After the report had been finished, it was turned in.5. to do 的用法:（1）用在要求动词后: 接to do 的动词（作宾语）attempt 企图afford 负担得起arrange 安排appear 似乎，显得ask 问agree 同意believe 认为、相信begin 开始beg 请求bother 扰乱/ 烦恼care 关心，喜欢choose 选择claim 要求consent 同意，赞同contrive 设法，图谋demand要求destine 注定determine 决定dread 害怕desire 愿望decide 决定enable 能够expect 期望endeavor 努力fail 不能hate 憎恨/ 厌恶happen 碰巧hesitate 犹豫hope 希望intend 想要incline 有⋯倾向long 渴望love 爱learn 学习mean 意欲，打算manage设法neglect 忽视need 需要omit 忽略，漏offer 提供pretend 假装plan 计划prefer 喜欢/ 宁愿prepare 准备profess 表明promise 承诺/允许propose 提议refuse 拒绝swear宣誓start 开始seek 找/寻觅try 试图undertake 承接volunteer 志愿vow起wish 希望want 想要（2）表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作（做表语）。
Our work is to serve the people ．The person to do the job is Tom. = The person who will do the job is Tom.To do two things at a time is to do neither ．一次做两件事等于未做。
What I would suggest is to start work at once. 我的建议是立刻开始干。
如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。
To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。
To work means to earn a living ．工作就是为了生活。
如果主语是以aim，duty ，hope，idea ，happiness ，job ，plan ，problem ，purpose ，thing ，wish 等为中心的名词，或以what 引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future ．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。
The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant ．省to 的动词不定式1）情态动词（除ought 外，ought to）：2）使役动词let, have, make ；在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。
The boss made them work the whole night. = They were made to work the whole night.3）感官动词see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to 。