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(完整word版)【最高考】2017届高考语法填空非谓语动词常考点

专题四非谓语动词常考点非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。

非谓语动词一直是高考中的热点。

解答非谓语动词的题目时,一定要解析句子结构,确定所设空是谓语动词还是非谓语动词,以及非谓语动词在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补);找准相关动词的逻辑主语,确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动);搜索句子中相关的时间信息,确定非谓语动词的恰当形式。

1动名词和不定式作主语①如果表语是不定式,主语也是不定式;表语是动名词,主语也是动名词。

如:To see is to believe.=Seeing is believing.②动名词作主语的句型。

如:It is no use/no good/useless doing sth.It is a waste of time doing(也可用It is a waste of time to do)③动词不定式和动名词的复合结构:动词不定式的复合结构有两种:It is difficult/easy/possible/necessary/...for sb. to do sth.和It is kind/wise/foolish/considerate/...of sb. to do。

动名词的复合结构是由名词所有格或“物主代词+动名词”构成。

在口语和非正式语体中,只要不是作主语,动名词复合结构中的逻辑主语常采用名词通格或人称代词宾格。

如:His coming made me happy.I can't imagine his/him living there alone.④动名词被动式作主语(过去分词不可作主语)。

如:Being exposed to the sunlight for a long time does harm to your skin.完成下列句子:①It's foolish ____________________________(你相信他说的话).②It's impossible ____________________________(他做这样的事).③Do you mind ____________________________(我抽烟)?④It's no use ____________________________(你和他争辩).⑤________(go) abroad is an honour to me.⑥________(take) abroad is an honour to me.⑦________(devote) to his work made him succeed.2动名词和不定式作宾语①下面的动词要求用不定式作宾语:attempt(企图),afford(负担得起),demand(要求),long(渴望),desire(渴望),expect,hope,wish,want,swear(发誓),volunteer(自愿),offer(提供),fail(未能),plan,care(关心,喜欢),happen(碰巧),prepare(准备),learn(学习),choose(选择),hesitate(犹豫),claim(要求),promise,undertake(承接),appear(似乎),seek(寻觅),refuse(拒绝),decide(决定),determine(决定),manage(设法),pretend(假装),agree(同意),bother(烦恼),intend(想要),wait(等待)②下面的动词只能用动名词作宾语:acknowledge(承认),admit(承认),deny(否认),mention(说到,讲到),tolerate/stand/bear(忍受),dislike(不喜欢),advocate(提倡,主张),appreciate(感激,欣赏),avoid(避免),enjoy(享受),envy(嫉妒),delay(延迟),postpone(延迟,延期),escape(逃跑,逃避),excuse/pardon/forgive(原谅),fancy(幻想,爱好),imagine(想象),favour(造成,偏爱),mind(介意),miss(错过),finish(完成),resist(抵抗),risk(冒险),involve(包含),practise(实践),suggest/advise/recommend(建议),prevent(阻止),keep(保持),quit/abandon(放弃,停止),understand(理解),include(包括)③后接动名词作宾语的动词短语和句型有:have(no/much/some/...) difficulty/trouble/a hard time(in),take pleasure in,spend time/money (in),waste time(in),be worth,be busy,feel like,be committed to④to作为介词的短语有:look forward to,pay attention to,object to=be opposed to,be devoted to,stick to,come close to(差一点),get down to(开始认真做),get/be accustomed/used to(doing), lead to=contribute to(sb. doing/being done)⑤allow,permit,forbid,advise,recommend的用法:allow/permit/forbid/advise/recommend+doingallow/permit/forbid/advise/recommend+sb.+to do如:I don't allow smoking in my room.I don't allow him to smoke in my room.用所给词的适当形式填空:①We agreed ________(meet) here but so far she hasn't turned up yet.②The discovery of the new evidence led to the thief ________(catch).③Janey pretended __________(write) when her mother came in.④I can hardly imagine Peter ________(sail) across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.⑤The doctor advised him ________(stop) smoking.3注意区别下列动词后接不定式和动名词①forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事(此事未做)forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)remember to do sth. 记得去做某事(未做)remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(已做)②stop to do 停止(某件事),目的是去做另一件事stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事go on to do 继续(去做另外一件事情)go on doing 继续(原先没有做完的事情)③regret to do sth. 对要做的事感到遗憾(遗憾地要去做某事)regret doing sth. 对过去做过的事或未做过的事感到后悔(后悔做过或未做过某事)④try to do 努力、企图做try doing 试验、试一试某种办法⑤mean to do (人)打算,有意要……mean doing (物)意味着⑥can't help (to) do sth. 不能帮助做某事can't help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事用所给词的适当形式填空:①Don't you remember ________(see) the man before?②I regret ________(inform) you that the meeting has been cancelled.③Let's try ________(do) the work some other way.④I didn't mean ________(hurt) your feeling.⑤I'm so busy that I can't help ________(clean) the house with you.⑥After we finished our homework,we went on ________(review) the new lesson.4不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别①不定式作表语,一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。

动名词作表语,表示抽象的一般性的行为。

②如果主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,happiness,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等为中心的名词,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。

③过去分词作表语,表示“感到,觉得”,现在分词作表语,表示“令人……”。

此类词有:embarrass,excite,interest,delight,disappoint,encourage,inspire,please,puzzle,satisfy,surprise,worry,convince 等。

用所给词的适当形式填空:①His wish is ________(go) abroad.②His hobby is________(collect) stamps.③The most important thing is ________(negotiate) with them about the future of the plant.④What he should do is ________(work) hard.⑤He felt ________(embarrass).5分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别①下面的动词要求用不定式作宾补(动词+宾语+动词不定式):ask(请,叫),tell(告诉),get(使,让),prefer(喜欢,宁愿),like(喜欢),force(强迫),press(迫使),require(要求),request(请求),advise(劝告),pray(请求),remind(提醒),beg(请求),invite(吸引,邀请),command(命令),order(命令),intend(想要,企图),drive(驱赶),train(训练),cause(引起),instruct(指示),direct(指导),warn(告诫),enable(使能够),need(需要),urge(激励,力说),inspire(鼓舞),encourage(鼓励),want(想要),lead(引起,使得),teach(教),wish(希望)。

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