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跨文化交际选修课 ppt课件


Understanding Culture
Culture is transmitted from generation to generation
Metaphors for Culture
The culture iceberg文化冰山理论
Like an iceberg, the part of culture that is visible is only a small part of a much bigger whole. It is said nine-tenths of culture is below the surface (invisible).
不可望文生义的英文
1.Do you have a family? 你有孩子吗? 2.It’s a good father that knows his son. 就算是最好的父亲,也未必了解自己的儿子。 3.I have no opinion of that sort of man. 我对这类人很反感。 4.She put 5 dollars into my hand, "you have been a great man today.“ 她把5美圆塞到我手上说:“你今天表现得很好。” 5.I was the youngest son, and the youngest but two. 我是最小的儿子,但是我还有两个妹妹。
Offer an important set of instructions
Understanding Culture
We learn our culture from folk tales, legends, and myths.
The Epic of Gilgamesh 吉尔伽美什史诗
Wencheng
6.They didn’t praise him slightly. 他们大大地表扬了他。 7.That’s all I want to hear. 我已经听够了。 8.I wish I could bring you to see my point. 你要我怎么说你才能明白呢。 9.You really flatter me. 你让我受宠若惊。 10.He made a great difference. 有他没他结果完全不一样。
比喻之三:色拉与火锅。
西人的色拉,是把各种蔬菜甚至水果,加上简单的色拉料混在一起, 凉拌生吃,似乎并不在乎口感的和谐。各种菜料在口感上仍然是各归 各。这有点像美国的移民文化。美国虽然大量容纳世界各地的移民, 但各民族文化之间并不互相融合,而是如色拉一样,在遵守美国法律 的前提下保持各自相对的独立。
2)The middle level: heroes, such as admired persons who serve as an example for behavior
3)The inner nucleus level: rituals, such as ways of greeting and paying respect.
Language is a set of symbols and the rules for combining those symbols that are used and understood by a large of community of people.
When we study another language, we soon discover not only symbols and sounds, but there are rules such as grammar, syntax, and intonation. – Language have a major impact on the way individual perceives and conceptualized the world.
国画是以墨色浓淡的无穷层次来表达所有的颜色,其精髓是写意,写 意就是忽略细节,注重意境,把握整体。此与中医类似。虽然,国画 有注重细节的工笔一派,西洋画也有抽象一流。但国画的注重细节, 在追求真实性如比例、透视、明暗上,毕竟逊于西洋油画。有些西洋 油画足可以与照片乱真。而西洋的所谓抽象派如毕加索,不过是对实 体扭曲和夸张,有令人惊讶之效。较之中国的写意韵味,其美感与情 操差之远矣。
关于中西文化的五个比喻
比喻之一:淡水鱼与海水鱼。
西方文化----海洋文明
海洋有潮涨潮落,鱼类繁多,弱肉强食。但因为资源丰富,空间巨大, 所以鱼类的生存在于遵循海洋的流动与潮汐规律,其避险和觅食是通 过极度的自由和探索未知的领域,从而不难找到属于自己的生存资源 和空间。竞争是海洋文明的主调。
中国人----淡水文明。相对于海洋而言,淡水环境资源少,物种也少, 但水流稳定,物种之间虽有竞争,但以和谐为主。淡水鱼一旦游入大 海,其挣扎可想而知。
Culture is like an onion.
Three levels of culture that are more clearly observable:
1) The outer level: symbols, such as words, color or other artifacts that carry a special meaning
跨文化案例分析
Presentation three
Language and culture Communication Intercultural communication competence
Language and culture
It’s impossible to separate our use of language from our culture.
Understanding Culture
We learn our culture through art
Art is a symbolic way of communicating
Understanding Culture
We learned our culture through mass media
领导说:What do you mean by this? 阿呆说:Nothing much, you know, 领导说:You are going too far. 阿呆说:Well, just something trivial, not worth mentioning. 领导说:You are quite interesting, you know. 阿呆说:Just a little gift, and nothing else. 领导说:Well, in that way I will take it and thank you. 阿呆说: It's my pleasure.
Intercultural communication
SunWei
Presentation two
Understanding of culture Metaphor of culture Communication
Understanding Culture
We learn our culture through proverbs
而西人以牧猎文化为主,如《圣经》中的耶和华看不上该隐的谷物而 选了亚伯的羊肉。猎人以杀戮动物为生,食物常无保障,故注重领地, 崇尚武器,与其他猎人的关系永远处于小心谨慎之中。而且因为手中 武器的强大和捕猎的生活方式,难免会将平和而富裕的农人视为掠夺 的对象。
比喻之五:国画与油画。这不仅是比喻,更是中西文化在艺术上的表 现。
中国人的火锅首先是热吃,并有基本的底料,所烫的菜料虽各有其本 味,但已是我中有你、你中有我,而且基本上火锅的底料之味已融入 其中。
比喻之四:农夫与猎人。
中国有较早而成熟的农耕文明。农夫因为靠天吃饭,必多体察大自然, 故崇尚天人合一。同时农业需要更多的集体协作,故形成紧密的集体 主义文化。一旦五谷丰登、无安全之忧之后,农人便有更多的时间享 受生活,创作艺术。
Food
clothes
music
literature language
views attitudes love preference
hatred habits customs
The Culture Onion 文化洋葱理论
In the outer layer: the symbols and material the way people are dressed (kimono in Japan) the language they speak (Chinese, English,…) the cars they drive the food they eat(dumplings, fast food, salad, ...) The houses they live in
对外汉语考题:请解释下文中每个“意思” 的意思:
阿呆给领导送红包。 领导说:“你这是什么意思?” 阿呆说:“没什么意思,就是意思意思。” 领导说:“你这就不够意思了。” 阿呆说:“小意思,小意思。” 领导说:“你这个人真有意思。” 阿呆说:“其实没有什么别的意思。” 领导说:“那我就不好意思啦。” 阿呆说: “是我不好意思。”
values rituals Heroes symbols
表层
最外表一层称象征物
(Symbols),如服装、语言、Office风
格等,人的肉眼能够很容易看见,就像
洋葱的皮。.文化最表面的是“符号”。
它其实就是一些词语,一些标志,就像
女人穿在身上的衣服,抹在脸上的脂粉。
洋葱的表层——表层文化是我们平时能 观察到的东西。比如你去其他国家看见 他们的服装与我们不同,他们的音乐各 种曲风,听起来也不一样。他们吃牛肉 鱼,喝啤酒,晚上下班不回家,与同事 去酒吧。
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