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英语语法 非谓语动词 特殊用法和做题七原则-江苏省盐城市2021届高三一轮复习(含答案)

非谓语动词特殊用法1. have的用法1). 作实意动词,意为“有”sb. have sth. (1)to do (主语完成非谓语动作) I have lots of clothes to wash.(2)to be done(某事被作,但与主语无关)“Do you have any clothes to be washed,Tom?” asked Mum.2). 作使役动词,意为“让,使”主语+have sb. do sth. = get sb. to do sth.The teacher had me clean the blackboard.主语+have sb. / sth. doing = keep sb./ sth. doingDon't have the lights burning all the time.主语+have sb. / sth. done = get sb./sth. doneI had my pocket picked on the bus yesterday.3)can’t / won’t have sb/sth. doing不能容忍某事发生We won't have you talking to your mother like that again.2. 非谓语动词主动表被动1.)need/want/require/deserve +doing/to be done2.)be worth doing sth. 没有be worth being donebe worthy of being donebe worthy to be donebe worthwhile to do sth.be worthwhile doing sth.His good deed deserves praising/to be praised.=His good deed is worth praising.3.)sb. is to blame; sth. is to let(某物有待出租)The driver is to blame for the accident.4.)sth. is +adj. +to do 结构中,不定式与句子主语有动宾关系时,用不定式的主动形式5.)make sth. adj. to do6)feel/consider/find/believe/+sth. +adj. +to do7)be + adj. + to do sth.用于此类句型的形容词有:nice,easy,(un)fit,hard,difficult,important,(im)possible,(un)pleasant,interesting, (un)comfortable等The picture is pleasant to look at.The sentence is easy to understand.The water in the river is unfit to drink.I feel English not easy to learn well.3. be+过去分词+to do sth. 或be+过去分词+to(介词)+名词/doing 的用法:这个考点非常重要be lost in/ be equipped with /be devoted to/ be stuck in1) 当在句子中充当定语,状语或补语时,非谓语动词形式就是把be动词去掉。

2) 当在句子中充当主语,宾语或表语时,非谓语动词形式就是在be后加ing,即being。

4. seat,因为seat是vt. ,所以它的非谓语动词分为两种:1) 当seat后无宾语时,它的非谓语动词用seated=sitting;2) 当seat后有宾语时,即seat oneself时,它的非谓语动词用seatingoneself;5. do whatever/ everything/ what/ all/ anything one can/ could to do sth.= try /do one’s best to do sth. 尽某人最大努力做某事6. face的用法:1) 当face后有with时,它的非谓语形式永远是faced with.2) 当face后没有with时,它的非谓语形式永远是facing.7. 只要后面有介词by时,并且by的中文意思是“被”的时候,前面动词的非谓语动词用过去分词,即done.8. lack的用法:1) lack后有介词of时,lack永远是名词。

2) lack做动词时,永远是及物动词vt. ,只要后面有宾语,lack的非谓语动词永远就是lacking.3) be lacking in 时固定短语。

9.date back to= date from1) 在句子中做谓语动词时,永远用一般现在时。

2)在句子中做非谓语动词时,永远用ing形式。

10. consist of的非谓语动词永远用:consisting of=made up of11. 句型:adj.(形容词)+as +主语+be +to do sth.(这个动词必须用动词不定式)。

12. being done 作主语、宾语时,只表被动。

作定语、补语或状语时,被动+进行。

Being exposed to sunlight too much does great harm to the skin.He tried to avoid being noticed by others.The students watched the bike being repaired.13. to be done / being done /done 做后置定语的区别to be done 表将来被动being done 表正在进行被动done 表完成被动14.It is +过去分词+that +从句(这个句型可以转化为)= 主语+be+过去分词+ 1)to do2) to be done3) to be doing4) to have done5) to have been done15. 逗号后是不可以用动词不定式的The old lady got up before sunrise, walking along the beach and get some fresh air.但是如果中间是插入语,前后都有逗号,那么把后面的非谓语看作为紧跟在主句之后,表目的就用动词不定式。

The old lady got up before sunrise, as she often does, to walk along the beach and get some fresh air.15.remain 的用法:1.在句子中充当谓语时有一般现在时和一般过去时2.因为remain时vi. 所以在句子中充当非谓语时只能用ing形式,即remainingwith money remaining=with money leftthe remaining sth./sb.3.当remain的中文为1)仍然作为系动词,后面通常加adj.或n.做表语。

2)有待于后面通常加to be done16.include的用法including sb./sth.= sb./ sth. included17.there be +n.+ 1)doing sth. (当名词和后面的动词是主谓关系时)2)done (当名词和后面的动词是动宾关系时)pare的用法1)compare sth. to/ with sth.在句子中做非谓语时,用comparing,因为后面有宾语。

2)be compared to/with在句子中做非谓语时:(1)在句子中做定语,状语,补语时用compared to/with(2)在句子中做主语,宾语,表语时用being compared to/with19.make oneself done (understood/ heard)20.当两个句子之间是分号,句号或者有连词and,but,or otherwise等时,两个都必须是完整的句子,动词原型引导的句子叫祈使句。

21.做非谓语动词时,前后两个句子的主语通常要一致,不一致时要用独立主格结构。

做非谓动词遵循七原则原则一:用作目的状语,原则上用不定式。

(句首逗号,句中有逗号后不用动词不定式)原则二:用作伴随状语,原则上用-ing。

(常放主句后)原则三:用作结果状语,可用-ing/ to do,原则区别是:-ing 表示一定逻辑的结果,to do 表示非逻辑的结果。

(常放主句后)原则四:凡是有被动意义时,原则上要用过去分词(done)。

如果动作尚未发生,则用不定式的被动形式(to be done);如果动作正在进行,则用-ing的被动形式(being done)。

原则五:非谓语动词作状语时,原则上其逻辑主语应与主句主语保持一致。

原则六:强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前,原则上要用完成式(-ing 的完成式having done或不定式的完成式to have been done)。

原则七:名词后作定语,原则上:不定式表示动作尚未发生;-ing表示动作正在进行;过去分词表示动作完成或被动。

总原则:不及物动词或及物动词后有宾语(除双宾动词),在句中作状语、定语、补语时用主动形式(doing);及物动词无宾语在句中作表语、定语、状语、补语时,常用过去分词短语done(关键是能识别及物动词与不及物动词)。

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