课程：中级笔译
英语长句的翻译
主讲人：杨志红
英语长句的翻译原则：断句法
断句法英语是形合特征非常明显的语言，大量使用长句。

在译成汉语时，可以采取一些方法，尽量把英语长句“化整为零”，将长句断开，拆译成若干汉语短句。

具体可以通过以下三种方法来实现。

Translation methods
Translation methods ①自然断句法
②名词独立法
③分解表达法
在英语原文的自然连接处（如标点符号、连词等）断句
译文
原文The global economy that boomed in the 1960s ,growing at
an average of 5.5percent a year and pushed ahead at a 4.5percent a-year rate in the mid-1970s ,simply stopped growing in 1981～1982．
世界经济在60年代很繁荣，每年平均以5．5％的比率增长，到了70年代中期仍以平均每年4．5％比率增长，但是在1981年到1982年就完全停止增长了。

译文
原文There will be no international stability unless both the Soviet
Union and the United States conduct themselves with restraint and unless they use their enormous power for the benefit of mankind.
国际局势不可能稳定，除非苏联和美国都抱着克制的态度行事，除非他们把自己的强大力量用来为人类造福。

•有些英语句子之所以长而复杂，部分原因是因为使用了大量表达动作概念的名词或名词词组。

原文虽然没有明显的标点或连接词，但是可以根据意群断句，将表达动作概念的名词抽取出来，用小句表达，从而将长句变短。

译文2
译文1原文
His failure to complete this project on time is partly due to his negligence of his duty and partly due to the uncooperativeness of his business partner,which has caused him serious financial trouble. He failed to complete this project
He neglected his duty
his business partner was not cooperative
他没能按时完成该项目，一方面是因为他玩忽职守，另
一方面是因为他的生意伙伴不配合他，导致他现在陷入经济困境。

比较：他按时完成该项目的失败一方面是因为他的玩忽职守，另一方面是因为生意伙伴的不配合……
译文2
译文1原文激光是近年来轰动一时的科学成就，它可以应用于许多科学领域，又适用于各种实际用途。

比较：激光由于它在许多科学领域的应用性以及用于实际用途的可适应性近年来成为了轰动一时的科学成就。

Laser is one of the most sensational developments in recent years because of its applicability to many fields of science and its adaptability to practical uses.
Laser can be applied…
It can also be adapted…
译文2译文1原文The availability of venture capital financing to young,high technology companies has been a primary contributor to the dramatic revenue
growth enjoyed by,and the increased competitiveness of,America’s high technology industry and to the economic expansion and increased employment levels experienced in California’s Silicon Valley and other areas of high technology concentration.
“the availability of sth.to sb →“sb .make sth.available to them” “sth .is a contributor →“it contributed to …”
新成立的高科技公司可以获得风险资本融资，促进了美国高科
技产业获得大幅度的收入增长，也使其提高了竞争力，同时对于推动加州硅谷以及其他高技术产业密集区的经济发展和就业水平的增长都起到了重要作用。

比较：新成立的高科技公司的风险资本融资的获得是美国高科技产业收入的大幅度增长和竞争力的提高，以及加州硅谷和其他高技术产业密集区的经济发展和就业水平的增长的一个主要推动因素。

将原文的复杂句分解为多个相对简单的句子，逐个表达。

译文原文The president said at a press conference dominated by questions on yesterday's election results that he could not explain why the
Republicans had suffered such a widespread defeat,which in the end would deprive the Republican Party of long-held superiority in the House.
先分析句子结构，将长句拆成几个简单句：
A press conference was dominated by questions.
The president said that he could not explain the reason.
The reason is about why the Republicans had suffered such a defeat.
The defeat would deprive the Republican Party of long-held superiority in the House in the end.
新闻发布会主要是关于昨天的大选结果的，发布会上总统说他无
法解释为何共和党这次遭受了惨败，这次失利将使共和党丧失其在美国国会中长期保持的优势地位。

译文
原文The slightest hint of disagreement,from anyone,on the most trivial point,was enough to set him off on a harangue that might
last for hours,in which he proved himself right in so many ways,and with such exhausting volubility,that in the end his hearer,stunned and deafened,would agree with him,for the sake of peace.
任何人只要有一丝半点的不同意见，哪怕是再微不足道的事情，也会引得他高谈阔论好几个钟头，他会从多个方面论证自己是正确的，滔滔不绝，结果使听的人疲惫不堪、目瞪口呆、两耳嗡嗡作响，最后为了息事宁人，只好附和他的意见。

Any hint of disagreement would set him off on a
harangue.
The harangue might last for hours.
In the harangue he proved himself right.
He was so voluble that his hearer was exhausted. In the end his hearer would agree with him
Thanks!。