中考英语阅读理解命题的感悟与思考响水县双港中学施巧云一、背景1、平时教学现状交流：■我们学生由于基础知识薄弱，语言运用能力不强，分析解决问题的能力缺失以及对阅读理解题重视不够等原因，平时只做语法和词汇练习，热衷于做单项选择，不喜欢做阅读理解题，把语篇理解撇在一边，同时教师解析过程中只顾详细讲解语法和词汇，忽略语篇理解部分，仅限于对答案。
久而久之，学生觉得阅读理解题难，产生恐惧和厌烦心理。
■学生阅读习惯差，阅读方法不正确，从不主动地去读补充读物。
（《听力与阅读材料》、《补充习题》、《初中英语读本》）■学生之间缺乏交流，教师对学生的阅读技巧也缺乏必要的指导。
2、实际教学效果：我们的练习以语法和词汇为主打，而阅读理解是中考英语卷面分值最高、且比较容易丢分的题型。
这种直击语言点的实战训练，忽视语言规律的体能训练，导致低效高耗，出现瓶颈效应。
学生的英语成绩总在90分左右徘徊，有的甚至更差。
（总分：120）二、中考英语阅读理解题试题简析2011年江苏各地中考英语阅读理解试题较之于去年在命题的水准上又有了程度不同的提高，具体表现在以下几个方面：1.命题要求更加符合《英语课程标准（实验稿）》所提出的“培养学生综合运用语言的能力”这一要求，主要考查学生对书面语言的理解能力，特别是获取信息的能力（包括图文转换等信息的获取和处理能力）。
所选材料真实，内容贴近现实生活。
考查内容包括几个重要的阅读技能：领悟文章的主旨；理解文章的具体细节；根据上下文推测生词词义；简单的判断和推理；揣测作者的意图和态度等。
例如（11年盐城市中考题）It's a goal for millions and millions of families every year to keep the Christmas spending within a certain amount of money, but you can still afford the gifts because your loved ones will enjoy them. This concern (忧虑) is becoming greater and greater theses days. Even so, there are several things that you can do to help,Hit the sales. No one wants to get up at four o'clock in the morning and fight to get a good deal （交易）on Black Friday ( the first Friday at Christmas time).It's surely very difficult to pick up the courage and get out there in the cold for a good deal,, But sometimes it can be well worth.Many retailer(零售商）offer specials all through the day. Some even offer online Black Friday specials, so we may still be able to get a great deal on Black Friday.Read advertisements regularly. Once the Christmas shopping season is coming, retailers will be hungry for business. They will try their best to get us into the store. Please read the weekly advertisements of sales among the major retailers from time to time. We may be lucky enough to find different prices for the same thing in different shops.Shop online. Some of us don't like running from store to store to get the best price on the perfect gift.. Some of us don't like to go out in the cold at all, and then, we can do online shopping. The world of online shopping makes it possible for us to visit all the major retailers and some specialty stores on the Internet. We can find exactly what we are looking for at the best possible price without even having to leave the house, With traditional Christmas shopping, it will always take us a long time to wait if we want to get the perfect gift.42. The underlined word "specials" in Paragraph 2 means_ _ .A．赠品B．奢侈品C．特价商品D．圣诞礼品43. We can have more choices to get a good deal_ _．A. on the InternetB. in specialty storesC. from salesmenD. from retailers44. In this passage the writer wants to_ _．A. tell us to shop onlineB. tell us the best way to do shoppingC. show us how hard it is to do Christmas shoppingD. give us advice on how to get a good deal at Christmas time45. From the passage we can infer(推断）that_ _．A. people are surely able to get a good deal on FridayB. it is possible for people to buy the perfect Christmas gifts with less moneyC. retailers will be hungry because they are busy selling Christmas giftsD. with traditional Christmas shopping, people can't buy the perfect gifts参考答案与难题解析这是11年盐城市中考题，阅读理解D部分的试题。
答案：42-45CADB 第42题是考查学生根据上下文推测生词词义的能力。
词义推测的关键有两个，一是短文内容，如何购物；二是“ Some even offer online Black Friday specials, so we may still be able to get a great deal on Black Friday.”这句话的语义也支持选项C。
第43题是考查学生理解文章的具体细节的能力，解题可通过对语篇中的“We can find exactly what we are looking for at the best possible price without even having to leave the house,”这句话的语义分析，推断正确选项A。
第44题考查的是学生揣测作者的意图和态度的能力。
A、B、C三个选项不是片面、就是文中未及，均不能涵盖全文。
故正确选项为D.第45题考查的是学生简单的判断和推理的能力，解题可通过对语篇中讲述如何购物做综合分析，推断正确选项B。
2.语篇长度较之于往年明显加长，这就对学生的英语阅读理解的读题与解题速度及英语语篇阅读策略提出了更高要求；3.语篇涉及的的内容多与英语语言文化、学生的英语学习与生活、自然与生命科学、科普读物、人文社会科学、异域民族风俗习俗及其文化内涵、人物简介和故事等方面有关；4.在解题要求上，约50%的试题都可以直接从语篇中找到答案，约20%的试题需要考生经过正向、逆向推导，或逐一排除与语篇表述事实不符/相符的选项，才能间接得出正确答案；约15%的试题需要考生经过对语篇段落或整体语篇进行综合分析，才能得出正确答案（南京市的试题在这方面的比重尤其较大）；约10%的试题需要考生对上下文进行逻辑推理，才能推导出生词的词义；5.图、表语篇阅读的数量较之于往年有所下降，且对图、表语篇阅读也不再更多的是依赖于观察图、表，而更多的是依赖于深度语篇，甄别图、表；6.任务型阅读要求考生根据阅读文章提供的信息用适当的词完成与短文相关的表格，且表格的呈现方式多种多样，填写的单词来源及字数均有严格要求（一空一词）。
要在了解表格特征的基础上，能够迅速阅读文章，得出大意及每段的中心意义和文章的结构或脉络，再认真对照表格上所要完成的填写任务，逐一对照原文进行信息的筛选。
70%以上的词在原文中或该词的变形。
例如（2010年盐城市中考题）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成表格中所缺信息，每空一词。
There are many things you can do to improve your menory .Among them are many kinds of useful ways as well as taking special care of your health .It is important that you make yourself excited to make your memory more active. You can do this by doing some new activities and by changing your daily habits. Learning a new skill helps your brain to develop . When trying to remember something , you should pay special attention to the most important things about it .Do not allow other thoughts to enter your mind because this will reduce your chances of making right memories .An excellent way to help memory is to connect information with pictures . Try to see the pictures in your mind .Taking notes and keeping a diary will also be helpful .Healthy food and plenty of vitamins are necessary for your memory to work well .Drinking a lot of water also helps keep you memory . You must allow your brain to have enough sleep and rest . When you are asleep , your brain store memory . Not enough sleep can cause problems with storing information . And being tired will also stop you from being able to think clearly and well .In order to keep your mind on your work , you must be free from worry. Generally keeping fit and normal health checks are both important as well----- not just for improving your memory .10个词中有7个来自材料中的原词;结构词一个:Main __47__(ways)变化词两个：by doing some new activities → by taking 49 in some new activities (part)making right memories →.in order to add to your chances to 51 right memories (make)又如（2011年盐城市中考题）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成表格中所缺信息，每空一词。