动词的分类动词种类实义动词连系动词助动词情态动词（重点）及物动词不及物动词状态系动词持续系动词表像系动词感官系动词变化系动词终止系动词Be DoShall WillhaveCan MayMust Have toShall WillNeed dare动词形式动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词一般时过去时完成时、被动语态进行时、动词词一、动词的分类按照动词在句中的作用，英语动词可分为四类；实义动词，连系动词，助动词和情态动词。
1、实义动词（行为动词）实义动词（行为动词）说明动作或状态，能独立作谓语，可分为及物动词和不及物动词。
（1）及物动词及物动词必须接宾语，才能有完整的意思，这可以有三种情况；①动词+宾语Her father enjoys warm tea very much in summer.她的父亲夏天非常爱喝热茶。
②动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（直接宾语是谓语动词的承受者，间接宾语表示谓语动作的方向（对谁做）或动作的目标（为谁做），间接宾语紧接在谓语动词后，但它不能单独存在。
）Did he give you a present yesterday?May I ask you a question?③动词+宾语+宾补They call her "Little Li".他们叫她小李。
They elected Bush president.他们选布什当总统(2)不及物动词不及物动词本身有完整的意思其后不需要跟宾语。
例如：His mother works in a hospital.（介词短语做地点）She stayed at home yesterday.（介短）A. 记住下面这些可带双宾语的动词buy, bring, build, cook, cut, draw, find, hand, get, leave, lend,make, offer pay, pass, read,return, show, sell, tell, teach, write等。
B. 记住下面带宾补的动词①要求名词作宾补的动词call, name, make, leave, think等。
②要求形容词作宾补的动词want, keep, find, get, paint, turn, cut等。
2、连系动词连系动词本身有意义，但不能在句子中单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语，用来说明主语的状态、性质或身份。
连系动词分很多种，(1) 状态系动词：只有be一词。
如：She is always like that. 她总是那样。
(2) 持续系动词：表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay, rest, lie, stand。
如：I hope you’ll keep fit. 我希望你身体好。
He stayed single. 他仍然是单身。
(3) 表像系动词：表示“看起来好像”，主要有seem, appear, look等。
如：He looks tired. 他看起来很累。
He seems (to be) quite happy. 他好像很快活。
(4) 感官系动词：表示“……起来”，有feel(摸起来，感觉) , smell(闻起来) , sound(听起来) , taste(尝起来，吃起来) 等。
如：This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布摸起来很软。
He looks honest, but actually he’s a rogue. 他看起来很老实，实际他是一个坏蛋。
They all look alike to me. 他们的模样我看起来都一样。
Everybody feels contented. 每个人都感到很满足。
(5) 变化系动词：表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, runHe became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。
She had grown thinner and thinner. 她越来越瘦了。
His cold was growing worse. 他的感冒越来越严重了。
She’s growing fat. 她正在发胖。
(6) 终止系动词：主要有prove, turn out(结果是，证明是) 等。
如：His story proved false. 他讲的情况原来是假的。
His advice proved sound. 他的劝告证明是对的。
My intuition turned out to be correct. 我的直觉证明是对的。
3、助动词助动词本身没有意义，只能和主要动词一起构成各种时态、语态、语气等动词形式，或表示否定，疑问等结构中的谓语动词。
常用的助动词有：shall（should, will(would), have(has, had), , do(does, did), be(am, is, are, was, were, been, being)等。
I don't know where he is.（否定句）Do you have a dictionary with you? (疑问句)I have been to Shanghai twice.（现在完成时）There will be a meeting tomorrow morning.（一般将来时）(1) be (am, is, are, were, been)“be + -ing”构成进行时态；“be + 过去分词”构成被动语态；“be + 动词不定式”构成复合谓语：①表示按计划安排要发生的事。
The prime minister is to visit Japan next year. 总理将于明年访问日本。
②用于命令。
You're to do your homework before you watch TV.你得做完了作业才能看电视。
(2) have (has, had)(1)“have+过去分词”构成完成时态。
如：Have you seen the film ?“have been + -ing”构成完成进行时态。
如：What have you been doing these days? 这些日子你一直在干什么?(3)do (does, did)“do not + 动词原形”构成行为动词的否定式。
如：His brother doesn’t like playing basketball.；②“Do + 主语+ 动词原形”构成行为动词的一般疑问句。
Does he go to school by bike every day?③“do + 动词原形”用于祈使句或陈述句中表示加强语气。
如：I did go to see him, but he wasn’t in.我确实去看望他了，但他不在家。
Do do some work. 请一定做点什么；④代替前面刚出现的动词以避免重复。
My mother told me to go to bed early. So I did.妈妈告诉我要早点睡觉，我的确这样做了。
(4).will, shall (would, should)“will (shall+动词原形”构成一般将来时，一般来说shall用于第一人称，will用于第二人称或第三人称，口语中常用will代替shall，如：We will have a meeting to discuss the problem.4、情态动词情态动词表示说话人在能力、必要、义务或猜测等方面的语气或态度，有自已的词义，但不能单独作谓语动词，必须和动词原形一起构成谓语动词，只有情态动词ought要和带to的动词不定式连用,将情态动词置于主语之前即构成其疑问式，在情态动词之后加not既构成其否定式。
没有人称和数的变化。
如：can, may, must, would, should, need, dare, might, used to 等。
二、动词的基本形式英语的动词变化较为复杂，通过其本身词形的变化和与助动词及情态动词的连用，表示不同的时态、语态及语气。
多数动词的基本形式有四种：现在式；过去式；过去分词；现在分词。
1.现在式：动词的现在式即动词原形（如：meet, do, like等），用于祈使句、不定式的时态中的一般现在时，但碰到单数第三人称时，需要在动词原形词尾加-s(其构成法与名词复数的构成法及读单相同，如meets, does, likes, studies。
I live in the center of the town.我住在市中心。
He often goes to school by bus.他经常乘公共汽车上学。
Sometimes they play basketball in the weekends. 有时他们在周末打篮球。
2、过去式：过去式主要用于过去时（不因人称和数而弯化），有规则和不规则两种变化。
多数动词都是规则动词，在动词原形之后-ed构成过去式（和过去分词），如:liked, studied。
不规则动词的变化则应特别记忆（或查不规则动词表），如：met did。
I went home at half past five yesterday.I was glad to receive you letter of 16th May.过去分词：与have或had构成完成时态，与be构成被动时态。
构成情况与过去式相同。
developed countries 发达国家boiled water开水frozen food冷冻食品spoken English英语口语Tom has already passed this exam.She said she had borrowed a new book4、现在分词：一般情况在词尾加-ing looking, walking以不发音的字母e结尾的，去掉e后再加-ing make-making, lose-losing以重读闭音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母的，双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ingrun-running, get-getting, begin-beginning现在分词的作用是，可与be构成进行时，或用作形容词或动名词。
developing countries 发展中国家boiling water 沸腾的水freezing wind 刺骨的寒风I heard the senior students singing in the hall.My father was cooking when I got home yesterday.作业：1. If they _________ to do this work, he might do it some other way.A. wereB. shouldC. willD. can2. I was told yesterday that the company _________ me to Rome next week for a business conference.A. should have sentB. were going to sendC. should be sendingD.should send3. Let's take a walk, ________? A. will we B. don't we C. do we D. shall we4. He was a good swimmer so he _________ swim to the river bank when the boat sank.A. couldB. mightC. shouldD. was able to5. I went to the doctor's yesterday, I had to wait for half an hour before he ________ see me.A. canB. mayC. mightD. could。