实用大学英语语法讲座与测试名词♦选择题Directions:For each sentence (1-20) there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. For each sentence (21 -40) there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best replaces the word underlined in the sentence.1.Most of the houses in the village were burnt to ________ during the war.A. ashsB. the ashC. ashD. ashes2.Professor Mackay told us that ________ of lead are its softness and its resistance.A. some propertyB. much propertiesC. propertiesD. property3.The students at colleges or universities are making __________ for the coming NewYear.A. many preparationsB. much preparationC. preparationsD. preparation4.There are lots of _________ in the storage room which is sunless and wet.A. mouseB. mousesC. mice D, mices5.He was eager to make some extra money, since during these years he could hardly live on his_____ .A. little wageB. few wageC. wageD. wages6.Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the _______ .A. rooms numberB. room numberC. room's numbersD. room numbers7. ________ are usually preferred by children in the hospital.A. Women doctorB. Woman doctorC. Woman doctorsD. Women doctors8.Yesterday evening we had a lovely evening at _______ .A. Peter and Helen'sB. Peter and HelensC. Peter and HelenD. Peter's and Helen's9.Ten years had passed. I found she had got _________ .A. much white hairB. many white hairC. a few white hairD. little white hair10.Why did you speak to Peter that way? Don't you know he is an old friend of __________ ？A. my brotherB. my brothersC. my brother'sD. my brother’s friend11.The Lu Gou Bridge is described in Marco Polo's " Travel" as __________________ mostbeautiful bridge.A. the world'sB. world'sC. the worldD. world12. ___________ anywhere in the United States costs less than a dollar when you dial ityourself.A. Three minutes callB. Three-minute callC. A three-minutes callD. A three-minute call13.Would you like to stay in _____________________ for the holiday?A. my father's-in-law houseB. my father-in-law's houseC. my father-in-law houseD. my in-law-father's house14.The assignment is to write ___________ a bout your dream.A. a five-hundred-words compositionB. a five-hundreds-words compositionC. a five-hundred-word compositionD. a five-hundreds-word composition15.The Department purchased ___________ to improve the working conditions there.A. a new equipmentB. a new piece of equipmentC. new equipmentsD. new pieces of equipments16.Such problems as air ____________ and heavy traffic are becoming more and more seriousin almost every big city all over the world.A. pollutionB. polluteC. pollutiveD. pollutant17.It was through his uncle's ___________ that Philip obtained his position with the biggestoil company in the country.A. fluenceB. influenceC. affectD. affection18.A child who lives in a boring ____________ will become less intelligent than one living ina happy surrounding.A. conditionB. environmentC. conditionalD. environmental19.The manager was advised to give the task to one he believed had a strong sense of .A. responsibleB. responsiveC. responsibilityD. response20.We all consider it of great importance that we should combine theory with ___________ .A. practicableB. practiseC. practicalD. practice21.The villagers have offered much help to us and we think we should do something forthem in return.A. soldiersB. fightersC. farmersD. lifesavers22.The new systems now being used in commerce are approved by the cooperative company.A. applianceB. communicationC. occupationD. business23.We were talking about the American tourist whom we met during our trip to the Great Wall.A. journeyB. flightC. voyageD. expedition24.Although the manager reminded him several times, he still came with an untidy appearance.A. sightB. phenomenonC. conditionD. look25.We couldn't really afford to buy a house so we got it on hire-purchase and paid monthly installment.A. investments B, requirements C. arrangements D. payment26.According to the key witnesses, a peculiarly big nose is the criminal's most memorable facial feature.A. characteristicB. signatureC. hintD. spot27.These overseas students show great enthusiasm for learning a new language.A. interestB. authorityC. conventionD. faith28.Being ignorant of the law is not accepted as an excuse for breaking the law.A. explanationB. intentionC. optionD. approval29.The design of this auditorium shows a great deal of invention. We have never seen such a building before.A. imaginationB. illusionC. originalityD. orientation30.To the whole audience, the statement which the president gave at the conference is unworthy of belief.A. doubtB. disposalC. faithD. condition31.Giving a gift (;an convey a wealth of meaning about your appreciation of their hospitality and the importance you place upon the relationship.A. solidarityB. priorityC. superiorityD. generosity32.It is clear that the dog has a much greater scale of its brain devoted to smell than is the case with humans.A. compositionB. proportionC. compoundD. percent33.Sadly, the Gianl Panda is one of the many species now in danger of extinction.A. disappearanceB. migrationC. destructionD. extraction34.Clark felt that his participation in one of the most dramatic medical experiments of all time was worth the suffering he underwent.A. apprehension aboutB. appreciation ofC. presentation onD. contribution to35.The company imported a machine with the ability to cope with large loads in this field.A. powerB. capacityC. talentD. skill36.He was looking admiringly at the photograph published by Collins in collaboration with the Imperial Museum.A. combinationB. cooperationC. connectionD. collection37.We work to make money, but there's a contradiction that people who work hard and long often do not make the most money.A. paradoxB. prejudiceC. dilemmaD. conflict38.The government adopts the tax breaks intended as a (n) inducement to greater reinvestment.A. incentiveB. conductC. stimulateD. employment39.The new research has profound implications for the environmental summit in Russia.A. inferencesB. significances C, indications D. developments40.Given this inclination toward change, it is not surprising that tradition plays a limited role in the American culture.A. preferenceB. tendencyC. declinationD. modification♦改错题Directions : This part consists of 20 sentences and 3 passages. In each sentence, there is only J mistake. In each passage, there are altogether 8- 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided.1.I like these dishes but the tea's cup is a little too small. ____________2.People of the older generation tend to complain about the fast-paced modern lives. ________3.The essayist language expresses rich and subtle meanings. ___________4.No one without patience and persistent is likely to make a good researcher. _____________5.There were some looker-ons by the roadside, but they didn't inform the police of the accident.___________6.When there is too much smoke in the room, the devise would automatically turn onthe alarming system. ____________7. Yet, despite the competition, my 8-year-old daughter Rebecca wants to spend herleisure times writing short stories. _______________8. Between sunrise and sunset, streets and highways are a constant source of voice fromcars, buses and trucks. _____________9. Biologists have estimated that there are around one million animal and plant speciasliving in the rainforests. _____________10. The old building is in a good stale of reservation except for the wooden floors._________11.In the afternoon I did some baby-sittings, for it is a fun looking after children. _________12.We must keep in head the billions of dollars we might spend in carrying out theproject. ____________13.Consider the great need for improving many aspects of the global environment is veryimportant. ____________14.Of the seven days in a week, Saturday is said to be the most popular choose for awedding in some countries. ____________15.Shelly had prepared carefully for her English examination so that she could be sure ofpassing it on her first attemption. ___________16.The young student is success as a writer. It's a surprise to all his teachers. ____________17.―How much if I want to take one? ―You can take as many as you like because theyare free of money. ____________18.In my opinion, what he told us just now about the affair simply doesn't make anymeaning. ___________19.Please read the constructions carefully before operating the machine. ___________20.Moles(凝鼠)are almost completely blind, although its tiny eyes can distinguish lightfrom dark. ____________Passage AManpower Inc., with 560,000 workers, is the world's largesttemporary employ agency. Every morning, its people swarm into SI. ________the offices and factory of America, seeking a day's work for a day's pay. S2. ________One day at time, as industrial giants like General Motors and IBM S3. ________struggle to survive by reducing the numbers of employees, Manpower, S4. ________based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is booming.Even though its economic continues to recover, the US is increasingly S5. __________becoming a nation of part timers and temporary workers. This " disposablework force is the most important trend in American business today,and it is fundamentally changing the relationship between people and their job.S6________The phenomenen provides a way for companies to remain globally competitiveS7________while avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens imposed by employmentrules, healthcare costs and pension plans. For workers it can mean a end to theS8._________security, benefits and sense of importance that came from being a loyal employee.Passage BThe first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relate to language S1. __________is the word. In speaking, the choice of words is of the utmost important. S2. ___________Proper election will eliminate one source of likely breakdown in the communicationS3_________cycle. Too often, careless use words prevents a meeting of the minds of theS4__________speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may stir up unfavorablereactions in the listener which interfere with his comprohension ; hence, S5. ___________the transmission-receipt system breaks down. S6._________Moreover, inaccurate or indefinite words may make it difficult for the listeners to understand the message which is being transmitted to him. S7. __________The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabularymay be unable to explain or describe in way that can be understood by his listeners.S8._______PassageCSporting activities are essentially modified forms of hunting behavior.Viewing biologically, the modern footballer is revealed as a member of S1. ________a disguised hunting pack. His killing weapon has turned into a harmless footballand his prey into a goal-mouth. If his aims is accurate and he S2. ______scores a goal, enjoys the hunter s triumph of killing his prey. S3.______To understand how this transform has taken place we S4. _______must briefly look at our ancient ancestors. They spent over amillion year evolving as co-operative hunters. Their very survival S5. ____depended on success in the hunting-field. Under this pressuretheir whole way of life, even if their bodies, became radically S6. _____changed. They became chasers, runners, jumpers, aimers,throwers or prey-killers. They co-operate as skillful male-group attackers. S7. _________Then, about ten thousand years ago, when this immensely S8. _________long formative period of hunting for food, they became farmers.Their improved intelligence, so vital to their old hunting life,were put to a new use―that of penning(把 ...........关在圈中), S9. ___________controlling and domesticating their prey. The food was there onthe farms, awaiting their needs. The risks and uncertainty of hunting S10. __________were no longer essential for survival.♦翻译题Directions : Complete the sentences 1-7 by translating the Chinese given in bracket into English and translate the sentences 8-12 into Chinese.1. ____________________________ (考虑到你的工资),you should be able to saven up to 500 RMB a month.2. Many students always feel happy ____________________ (一提到)the coming life of high school they will begin.3. ______________________ (应用电子计算机)makes a tremendous rise in labor productivity.4. __________________________ (我感到很光荣)for me to be charged with such an arduous task.5. Profits are probably the incentive to ________________________ (开发和生产物美价廉的商品).6. _____________________________ ( 一个人的穿着)may express his social status.7.This experiment is ___________________ (绝对必须的)in determining the best processing route.8.Equal pay for equal work is not yet a reality for some women.9.The following qualifications are required from the candidates for the above position.10.O ur years of hard work are all in vain, let alone the large amount of money we have spent.11.Other apartments in the same neighborhood and under the same management rent as high as $ 200. 00 a month.12.Financial management includes the search for adequate sources of capital and the management of the capital already invested. It requires estimating the amount of cash the company will need in its operations, deciding whether to use short-term or long-term credit, choosing the right time to issue stock or sell bonds, etc.选词填空Directions : Complete each sentence (I-10) by filling in each blank with the proper form of the word given in the brackets. For the passage, you are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in the word bank following the passage,Sentence1.Television is more than just an electronic _______________ (apply) ; it is a means of expression, as well as a vehicle for communication.2.The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant ____________________ (associate) with their homework.3.People seem to fail to take into ___________ (consider) the fact that study does not end with examination.4.An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on the _________ (construct) of city.5.The________(major) of students believe that part-time jobs will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills.6.There are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to face the dangers of _______(starve) and exposure.7.Bicycle can't be compared with other means of transportation like car and train for speed and ________ (comfortable ).8.People believe that computer skills will enhance their job opportunities or ________ (promote) pportunities.9.It must be admitted that the ________ (short) of funds is still one of the biggest questions that students nowadays have to face because tuition fees and prices of books are soaring.10. Many people believe that international tourism produces positive ___________ (effective) on economic growth and local government should be encouraged to promote international tourism.PassageIn Britain and other countries, young people sometimes take a "gap year," a year offbetween high school and college. This idea never gained a big ______ 1 in the United States.Recent news reports have suggested that interest may be growing, though there are no official 2 .Charles Deacon is the dean of admissions at Georgetown University in Washington, D. C. He estimates that in the current first-year class of 1,600 students, only about 25 decided to take a 3off. This number has not changed much over the years. The most common 4 is to have a chance to travel, but international students may lake a gap year to meet requirements at home for military duty.Some high school graduates see a year off as a 5 to recover after 12 years of required education. But it can also give students a chance to explore their interests. Students who think they want to be doctors, for example, could learn about the 6 by volunteering in a hospital for a year.Many colleges and universities support gap-year 7 by permitting students to delay heir admission. The Harvard admissions office has an___8___ on its webs ite called “time Out or Burn Out for the Next Generation. " It praises the__9__ of taking time off to step back, think and enjoy gaining life experiences outside the 10 of studies.Of course, a gap year is not for everyone. Students might miss their friends who go on directly to college. And parents might worry that their children will decide not to go to college once they take time off.◆选项题1.D2.C3.C4.C5.D6.D7.D8.A9.A 10.C 11.A 12.D 13.B 14.C 15.C 16.A 17.B 18.B 19.C 20.D 21.C 22.D 23.A 24.D 25.D 26.A 27.A 28.A 29.C 30.C 31.D 32.B 33.A 34. D 35.B 36.B 37.A 38.A 39.C 40.B◆改错题1. the tea’s cup→the tea cup 这里不用所有格。