反意疑问句、祈使句、感叹句以及其它特殊句式知识要点反意疑问句的主要考点一、陈述句如果是 there be 句型,则附加疑问句要用 there 充当主语,而不用 it 或者 they 来与存在句中的主语保持一致: 1. There is a cup on the table, isn’t there?2. There were lots of people over there, weren’t there?3. There’s nothing wrong, is there? 二、陈述句的主语如果是everyone (everybody) ,someone (somebody) ,anyone (anybody) , no one , nobody ,则在附加疑问句中通常使用they ,尤其是在口语中。
但是,使用 he 也是正确的: 1. Somebody borrowed my pen yesterday, didn’t they? 2. No one was injured in the car accident, were they? 3. Someone died here yesterday, didn’t they? 但在正式语体中也可以见到用 he 的实例: Everyone knows his name, doesn’t he? 三、陈述句的主语如果是 this ,that , these , those ,则附加疑问句中的主语要分别用 it 或they : 1. That is your hat, isn’t it? 2. Those are ugly, aren’t they? 四、附加疑问句通常要重复复合句中主句的主语,但主句中如果含有 I think /suppose /expect /believe /imagine /fancy /suspect 这样的主谓结构,则附加疑问句应重复 that 从句中的主语: 1. I suppose you are not serious, are you? 2. I expect you will have a good time there, won’t you? 3. I don’t believe he has finished, has he? 五、否定转移句的附加疑问句,其主语应重复 that 从句的主语: 1. I don’t think you can do theseexercises alone, can you? 2. I don’t imagine he cares, does he? 3. I don’t think she knows French, does she? 六、在 Let’s 与 Let us (me) 句后的附加疑问句的主语是不同的: 1. Let’s go for a walk, shall we? 2. Let us go shopping, will you? 3. Now, let me have a look at that project, will you? 七、陈述句的主语如果是 one ,则附加疑问句的主语应当用 one (英国英语)或he (美国英语): One can’t be too careful, can one?/ can he?八、祈使句的主语为第三人称时,附加疑问句的主语既可用 you ,也可用 they : Somebody open this door, will you?/ will they?九、在含 used to 的陈述句之后,附加疑问句要使用助动词 did ,但亦可使用 use(d)n’t : 1. They used to write to you, didn’t they? 2. There used to be a cinema here, use(d)n’t there?十、在含 I am 的陈述句之后,附加疑问句的助动词不使用 am not ,而使用 aren’t (英国英语)或 ain’t (美国英语): 1. I am late, aren’t I? / ain’t I? 2. I’m doing well, aren’t I?/ ain’t I? 十一、祈使句为肯定句时,附加疑问句可使用 will you/ won’t you , can you/ can’t you 。
在否定的祈使句之后,附加疑问句应使用 will you 或 can you : 1. Don’t make noise, will you?/ can you? 2. Don’t tell Joe, will you? 十二、陈述句中含有助动词 ought to 时,附加疑问句既可使用 oughtn’t ,也可使用shouldn’t : 1. We ought to go now, shouldn’t we? 2. We ought to buy a new car, oughtn’t we? 十三、陈述句中含有助动词 must时,附加疑问句使用什么样的助动词,依 must 的含义而定: a) must 作“必须”解时,附加疑问句可以重复 must 或改用 need : 1. He must keep his word, mustn’t he? 2. They must clean the floor after school, needn’t they? b) 当 must not 作“禁止”解时,附加疑问句要用 may : 1. I must not go any further, may I? 2. They mustn’t take the book out of the reading-room, may they?c) must 作“一定”、“准是”解时,附加疑问句的助动词要与 must 后面的动词相照应: 1. They must be playing football, aren’ t they?2. You must have misheard, haven’t you?3. It must have rained last night, didn’t it? 十四、当 I wish 表示征求对方意见时,附加疑问句可以用 may : I wish to have a rest now, may I? 十五、 hardly , scarcely , seldom , rarely , little , few 等叫做半否定副词。
含有这些半否定词的句子无论在句意上,还是在句法上,都具有否定句的特点。
因此这类句子的附加疑问句,应采取肯定形式: 1. He scarcely knew a word of English, did he? 2. You seldom work on Sundays, do you? 3. He had little time to spare, did he? 十六、当主句的动词 have 表示“拥有”时,附加疑问既可用 have 也可用 do : 1. You have a color TV set, haven’t you/ don’t you? 当主句的 have 不表示“拥有”而表示其他意思时,附加疑问要用 do : 1. You had a cold yesterday, didn’t you? 2. They don’t have coffee with breakfast, do they? 十七、带有否定前缀的词虽然具有否定意义,但含有这种词的句子仍被看作是肯定句: 1. That is impossible, isn’t it? 2. He was unhappy about this, wasn’ t he? 3. Tom was unfair, wasn’t he? 十八、当陈述部分是主从复合句时,疑问部分中的动词和代词应和主句中的动词和主语保持一致,而不是和从句中的动词和主语保持一致:1. They know that he is from England, don’t they?2. He told me he would go there tomorrow, didn’t he? 十九、并列句的反意疑问句其疑问部分一般与最接近的分句的谓语保持一致: 1. We must start at once or we can’t go there on time, can we? 2. He is a teacher but his wife isn’t a teacher, is she? 二十、反意疑问句的回答要克服中文思维,用事实进行回答,是就用 yes ,不是就用 no : 1. ---You aren’t a lawyer, are you? ---Yes, I am. 2. ---He hasn’t been to the Great Wall, has he? ---No, he hasn’t. 考点诠释反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句,是指当提问的人对前面所叙述的事实不敢肯定,而需要向对方加以证实时所提出的问句。
7. 陈述句子中的主语为动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句时,疑问部分的主语通常用 it 。
Where to hold the meeting has not been decided, ______? Learning how to repair motors takes a long time, ________? That he didn’t pass the entrance exam made his parents very angry, ________? 8、当陈述部分的谓语动词是 have 时,有两种情况。
(1) have 作“有”解时,反意疑问句部分可用 have ( not )或 do ( not )的相应形式。
9、当陈述句部分有情态动词 must 时,反意疑问部分有四种情况 1) must 表示“禁止”时即 mustn’t ,反意疑问部分要用 must 。
You must have told her about it, 10 、带情态动词 dare 或need 的反意疑问句,疑问部分常用 dare (need) + 主语。
We need not do it again, He dare not say so, 11 、当陈述部分有情态动词 ought to 时,反意疑问句部分要用 ought / should (oughtn’t / shouldn’t) 。