第一层级|抓牢“词法”——保基本分第一讲名词和冠词在高考中，语法填空和短文改错重点考查名词的单复数、不可数名词、名词与其他词类的词性转化等。
在语法填空和短文改错中，解答有关名词的题目时，一要根据在句中所作的成分确定是否使用名词。
名词在句中常用作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。
二要根据名词前的数词、量词、冠词等修饰语的情况以及主谓一致原则来确定名词单复数。
(一)考点练悟(用所给词的适当形式填空)It was late at night. Two 1.________ (German) were sleeping in their room when suddenly, one of them, Mrs. Green, was woken up and found a thief slipping into their room to try his luck. She had three thousand 2.______ (dollar) in her pocket. “What should I do? Many 3.______ (thief) usually bring 4.________ (knife) with them，”she thought in 5.________ (silent). After two 6.________ (minute) search, the thief happened to touch a sports suit. It seemed as if he found there was someone in the room, so he went out to the next room where two 7.________ (Frenchman) were sleeping. When he was looking for 8.________ (money) or some 9.________ (jewel) in the next room, Mrs. Green woke up her husband quickly and called the police. And then the thief knew what had happened. He was so scared that he took out a knife. Just then the police showed up. Before the thief ran away, the police caught him. For Mrs. Green, it was really an unusual 10.________ (experience)．答案：1.Germans 2.dollars 3.thieves 4.knives 5.silence 6.minutes'7.Frenchmen8.money9.jewels/jewelry10.experience(二)快捷技法1．可数名词复数的规则变化：(1)一般情况下在词尾直接加-s(2)以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词，在词尾加-es(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，将y变为i，再加-es(4)以元音字母加y结尾的名词，在词尾直接加-s(5)以o结尾的名词，无生命的常在词尾加-s，如pianos, photos；有生命的在词尾加-es，如potatoes, heroes等(6)以f或fe结尾的名词，多数变f或fe为v，再加-es。
如knife→knives，leaf→leaves (如题3,4)；少数直接加-s，如roof→roofs, gulf→gulfs2．可数名词复数的不规则变化：(1)单复数同形的名词：sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, means (手段), works (工厂), series (系列)等(2)复数形式有特殊变化的名词：criterion标准→criteria mouse老鼠→micephenomenon现象→phenomena foot脚；英尺→feetmedium传播媒介→media child孩子→children(一)考点练悟下文中共有6处错误，每句中最多有一处。
请找出并改正。
Recently, a famous basketball player has caused public angry by writing on the Great Wall. In fact, this happens in many place of interest. I have some suggestion to solve this problem.First, make more poster to inform the public of the damage of graffiti (涂鸦). Besides, punishments, such as a fine, are necessary to tourists with such bad behavior. Also, I think it's helpful to put up some boards along the tourist attraction where tourists are permitted to leave messages.I'm sure with our effort, more and more people will become concerned about protecting cultural relics.答案：第一句：angry→anger第二句：place→places第三句：suggestion→suggestions第四句：poster→posters第六句：attraction→attractions第七句：effort→efforts(二)快捷技法冠词是语法填空题的常考点，经常考查不定冠词a，an和定冠词the的基本用法和固定搭配。
解答冠词类题目时，首先需要明确设空处是表示特指还是泛指，如果是前者用the，后者则需要再判断用a还是an。
短文改错中的冠词类题目，除了判断是表示特指还是泛指外，还需要注意单数可数名词前必须有冠词。
同时对常见的固定搭配中的冠词也要熟练掌握。
(一)考点练悟(用冠词填空)When I walked down 1.________ Third Avenue, as 2.______ rule, I used to look into the windows of 3.______ old shop that sold old and beautiful things. Since I often took my walk after the closing time, I cupped my hands against 4.________ windows to get 5.________ small look at the treasures inside.Some things looked as if they had not been noticed for 6.________ long time, but I knew their beauty was still there beneath their own surface. I even thought they were 7.________ most beautiful that I had ever seen. That was how I felt about old people, too. I knew their value, and it hurt me when others missed it. I was raised by my grandmother and given 8.________ deep sense of the value of experience. Taught to behave well, my sister and I respected other people, regardless of their age or color. My grandmother was loved by all 9.________ people around her. She was known to be 10.________ wise and kind woman, who was able to do things well even in her last years.Old people should be treated as fine gold. They may be gradually tarnished (失去光泽) by age, but they can be polished with respect. You might be surprised by their bright and shining qualities.答案：1.the 2.a 3.an 4.the 5.a 6.a7.the8.a9.the10.a(二)快捷技法思考趋向——如何确定填冠词如果空格后有名词(短语)而且二者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含义，或者有序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式，那么空格处一般是填冠词。
解题规则——如何确定填什么冠词1．不定冠词a/an的常考点(1)表示泛指，相当于“a certain”。
(如题3,6,10)(2)表示类指，指某类中的“任何一个”。
(3)表示量指，但数的概念没有one强烈。
(4)表示“每”，相当于per，用于价格、速度、频率等表达中。
(5)考查固定搭配中的不定冠词。
(如题2,6)(6)和具有某些特征、状态或情感的抽象名词连用表示具体的概念。
(如题5,8)2．定冠词the的常考点(1)特指某人或某物。
(如题4,9)(2)用于最高级或序数词前或由only, very, same等修饰的名词前。
(如题1,7)(3)和形容词、过去分词连用，表示一类人或事物。
(4)用在“逢十”的年代前，表示“在某世纪几十年代”。
(5)定冠词常用在一些固定搭配中。
(一)考点练悟下文中共有8处错误，每句中最多有两处。
请找出并改正。
Zhou Yan is the Senior Three student. Last week, he went to see doctor because his arms and fingers hurt. The doctor told him a fact that he had an “mobile phone disease”. Zhou sent messages to his friends with his mobile phone all time, even in bed. Zhou started to do badly in all a exams because he spent so much time on his mobile phone. He didn't stop using a mobile phone until his arms hurt. Yang Ling, who is a expert from a health center, said students should try to use their mobile phones less, especially at school.答案：第一句：the→a第二句：doctor前加a第三句：a→the; an→a第四句：all后加the第五句：a→the第六句：a→the第七句：第一个a→an(二)快捷技法思考趋向1．决定冠词对与错的关键在于它和后面的名词在意思上是否构成了一种正确的搭配关系，这种搭配在句中是否合情、合理、合“法”，这应该是思维的第一步。