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Relations between language and society
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Broad: Macrolinguistics(宏观语言学) – social
◎Social functions of language (national identity, 01 power and solidarity) ◎Political policy (urbanization, minority group issues, education, language policies) ◎Devising of writing systems ◎ Language use in the constitution of individual 宏观因素主要是指政治，经济，文化科技，风俗习惯等因素。 identity (dialect show where a person comes and register reveals what he does) ◎How conversational patterns signify community membership (e.g. black English, deletion of BE)
◎ learn to model after the adults especially one’s parents in language behaviors such as a family or community. ◎ learn to model after the instructors or native speakers in language behaviors in an institutional setting such as a formal class, or school.
行动电话(台湾)--移动电话(大陆说法) 便当(台湾)--盒饭(大陆用语) 公德心(台湾)--精神文明(大陆用语) 超音波(台湾)--超声波(大陆用语) 撞球(台湾)--台球(大陆用语) 微观因素主要为个人对社会语言学的影响。 2) Greeting English: Hi, how are you? How do you do? Morning? Good Morning? Chinese: 你好？吃饭了吗？最近好吗？你死哪去呢 3）Factors leading to variation of language Region，age，social class，education，gender，occasion, ethnicity
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Status
An awareness of one’s social status
Role
directness upon the part of a superior speaker VS indirectness and polite language on the part of a subordinate speaker.
and topic ; including differences over time
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varieties of language
Defination: a set of linguistics items with
similar social distributions----Hudson
Examples: 1) English 2) London English 3)The English of footbal commentaries 4) The language used by members of a particular community in Britain
【SOCIOLINGUISTICS 】
社会语言学
陈慧
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CONTENTS
Brife Introduction of Sociolinguistics Language, Dialects, and Varieties Language and Societyຫໍສະໝຸດ 020301
Brife Introduction of sociolinguistics
Power
leaders with home accent, or habitual ways of speech
Reputation
Use the most reputable language in formal situation to accord with one’s status or role.
4. No relationship at all between language and
culture
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Language, Dialects, and Varieties
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Language Variation
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Varieties of Language
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CONTENTS
Dialect & Accent
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Relationships
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language Variation
language Variation:
language differences in speech and writing between speakers of different
ages, genders ,social classes or identifies: or differences in different situation
村（委会、公所）, 社, 屯、寨、乡（政府）、 老板、下海、 跳槽、炒鱿鱼、外卖、接轨、水货、大哥大、军嫂
Language as a social activity
language is actualized through the mind and the mouth of the individual, we can see that one not only speaks but speaks to others, to inform or to persuade them.
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SOCIOLINGUISTICS
Definition: Sociolinguistics is the study of language(s) in relation to society. (i.e., the structure of language: words, sounds, constructions, relations vs. i.e. the structure of society: people, groups, relations)
emphasis (sociology of language)
Narrow: microlinguistics（微观语言学） –
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1) Regional difference:
language emphasis: variation at some level of the grammar (sociolinguistics)
Relations between language and society
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1. Social structure may influence or determine
linguistic structure and/or behavior; 2. Linguistic structure/behavior influences or determines social structure; 3. Language and society affect each other;
Thanks
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Dialect & Accent
Dialect A dialect is a sub-variety based on social groups, e.g. geography, social class.
Accent An accent is a way of pronouncing a dialect.
Status, power, role and distance
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Reputation
01 Language as a social product and mirror of social change
or advancement
Nylon, Xerox, Compact, Sony, Dell, Microsoft, Red Lantern, Spring Thunder, Panda, Little Swan, internet, clone
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Relationships
03 Language and Society
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Language and Society
Language as a social product and mirror of social change or advancement
Language as a social activity
What is “speech communities”?
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语言社区
语言社区
所谓的社会关系网络，就是一群共享特定的社 会经验的个体组成的关系网络。
Brife Introduction
of sociolinguistics
Broad conceptions
Narrow conceptions
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