动点问题专题训练1、如图,已知ABC △中,10AB AC ==厘米,8BC =厘米,点D 为AB 的中点. (1)如果点P 在线段BC 上以3厘米/秒的速度由B 点向C 点运动,同时,点Q 在线段CA 上由C 点向A 点运动.①若点Q 的运动速度与点P 的运动速度相等,经过1秒后,BPD △与CQP △是否全等,请说明理由; ②若点Q 的运动速度与点P 的运动速度不相等,当点Q 的运动速度为多少时,能够使BPD △与CQP △全等? (2)若点Q 以②中的运动速度从点C 出发,点P 以原来的运动速度从点B 同时出发,都逆时针沿ABC △三边运动,求经过多长时间点P 与点Q 第一次在ABC △的哪条边上相遇?解:(1)①∵1t =秒, ∴313BP CQ ==⨯=厘米,∵10AB =厘米,点D 为AB 的中点, ∴5BD =厘米. 又∵厘米,∴835PC =-=厘米8PC BC BP BC =-=,, ∴PC BD =. 又∵AB AC =, ∴B C ∠=∠,∴BPD CQP △≌△. ············································································· (4分) ②∵P Q v v ≠, ∴BP CQ ≠,又∵BPD CQP △≌△,B C ∠=∠,则45BP PC CQ BD ====,, ∴点P ,点Q 运动的时间433BP t ==秒, ∴515443Q CQ v t ===厘米/秒. ·································································· (7分) (2)设经过x 秒后点P 与点Q 第一次相遇, 由题意,得1532104x x =+⨯,解得803x =秒. ∴点P 共运动了803803⨯=厘米.∵8022824=⨯+,∴点P 、点Q 在AB 边上相遇,∴经过803秒点P 与点Q 第一次在边AB 上相遇. ········································· (12分) 2、直线364y x =-+与坐标轴分别交于A B 、两点,动点P Q 、同时从O 点出发,同时到达A 点,运动停止.点Q 沿线段OA 运动,速度为每秒1个单位长度,点P 沿路线O →B →A 运动.(1)直接写出A B 、两点的坐标;(2)设点Q 的运动时间为t 秒,OPQ △的面积为S ,求出S 与t 之间的函数关系式;(3)当485S =时,求出点P 的坐标,并直接写出以点O P Q 、、为顶点的平行四边形的第四个顶点M 的坐标.解(1)A (8,0)B (0,6) ··············· 1分 (2)86OA OB ==, 10AB ∴=点Q 由O 到A 的时间是881=(秒)∴点P 的速度是61028+=(单位/秒) ·1分 当P 在线段OB 上运动(或03t ≤≤)时,2OQ t OP t ==,2S t = ·········································································································· 1分当P 在线段BA 上运动(或38t <≤)时,6102162OQ t AP t t ==+-=-,, 如图,作PD OA ⊥于点D ,由PD AP BO AB =,得4865tPD -=, ······························ 1分 21324255S OQ PD t t ∴=⨯=-+ ······································································· 1分(自变量取值范围写对给1分,否则不给分.)(3)82455P ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭, ···························································································· 1分12382412241224555555I M M 2⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫-- ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭,,,,, ···················································· 3分3如图,在平面直角坐标系中,直线l :y =-2x -8分别与x 轴,y 轴相交于A ,B 两点,点P (0,k )是y 轴的负半轴上的一个动点,以P 为圆心,3为半径作⊙P .(1)连结PA ,若PA =PB ,试判断⊙P 与x 轴的位置关系,并说明理由; (2)当k 为何值时,以⊙P 与直线l 的两个交点和圆心P 为顶点的三角形是正三角形?解:(1)⊙P 与x 轴相切.∵直线y =-2x -8与x 轴交于A (4,0),与y 轴交于B (0,-8), ∴OA =4,OB =8. 由题意,OP =-k , ∴PB =P A =8+k .在Rt △AOP 中,k 2+42=(8+k )2, ∴k =-3,∴OP 等于⊙P 的半径, ∴⊙P 与x 轴相切.(2)设⊙P 与直线l 交于C ,D 两点,连结PC ,PD 当圆心P在线段OB 上时,作PE ⊥CD 于E .∵△PCD 为正三角形,∴DE =12CD =32,PD =3, ∴PE =332. ∵∠AOB =∠PEB =90°, ∠ABO =∠PBE , ∴△AOB ∽△PEB ,∴3342,=45AO PE AB PB PB=即,∴315,2 PB=∴31582PO BO PB=-=-,∴315(0,8)2P-,∴31582k=-.当圆心P在线段OB延长线上时,同理可得P(0,-3152-8),∴k=-3152-8,∴当k=3152-8或k=-3152-8时,以⊙P与直线l的两个交点和圆心P为顶点的三角形是正三角形.4(09哈尔滨)如图1,在平面直角坐标系中,点O是坐标原点,四边形ABCO 是菱形,点A的坐标为(-3,4),点C在x轴的正半轴上,直线AC交y轴于点M,AB边交y轴于点H.(1)求直线AC的解析式;(2)连接BM,如图2,动点P从点A出发,沿折线ABC方向以2个单位/秒的速度向终点C匀速运动,设△PMB的面积为S(S≠0),点P的运动时间为t秒,求S与t之间的函数关系式(要求写出自变量t的取值范围);(3)在(2)的条件下,当t为何值时,∠MPB与∠BCO互为余角,并求此时直线OP与直线AC所夹锐角的正切值.解:5在Rt△ABC中,∠C=90°,AC = 3,AB = 5.点P从点C出发沿CA以每秒1个单位长的速度向点A 匀速运动,到达点A后立刻以原来的速度沿AC返回;点Q从点A出发沿AB以每秒1个单位长的速度向点B匀速运动.伴随着P、Q的运动,DE保持垂直平分B EPQ ,且交PQ 于点D ,交折线QB -BC -CP 于点E .点P 、Q 同时出发,当点Q 到达点B 时停止运动,点P 也随之停止.设点P 、Q 运动的时间是t 秒(t >0).(1)当t = 2时,AP = ,点Q 到AC 的距离是 ; (2)在点P 从C 向A 运动的过程中,求△APQ 的面积S 与t 的函数关系式;(不必写出t 的取值范围)(3)在点E 从B 向C 运动的过程中,四边形QBED 能否成为直角梯形?若能,求t 的值.若不能,请说明理由; (4)当DE 经过点C 时,请直接..写出t 的值.解:(1)1,85;(2)作QF ⊥AC 于点F ,如图3, AQ = CP = t ,∴3AP t =-. 由△AQF ∽△ABC,4BC ==, 得45QF t =.∴45QF t =. ∴14(3)25S t t =-⋅,即22655S t t =-+.(3)能.①当DE ∥QB 时,如图4.∵DE ⊥PQ ,∴PQ ⊥QB ,四边形QBED 是直角梯形. 此时∠AQP =90°. 由△APQ ∽△ABC ,得AQ AP AC AB =, 即335t t -=. 解得98t =. ②如图5,当PQ ∥BC 时,DE ⊥BC ,四边形QBED 是直角梯形. 此时∠APQ =90°. 由△AQP ∽△ABC ,得AQ APAB AC=, 即353t t -=. 解得158t =.(4)52t =或4514t =. ①点P 由C 向A 运动,DE 经过点C .连接QC ,作QG ⊥BC 于点G ,如图6.PC t =,222QC QG CG =+2234[(5)][4(5)]55t t =-+--.由22PC QC =,得22234[(5)][4(5)]55t t t =-+--,解得52t =.②点P 由A 向C 运动,DE 经过点C ,如图7.P图4P图522234(6)[(5)][4(5)]55t t t -=-+--,4514t =】6如图,在Rt ABC △中,9060ACB B ∠=∠=°,°,2BC =.点O 是AC 的中点,过点O 的直线l 从与AC 重合的位置开始,绕点O 作逆时针旋转,交AB 边于点D .过点C 作CE AB ∥交直线l 于点E ,设直线l 的旋转角为α.(1)①当α= 度时,四边形EDBC 是等腰梯形,此时AD 的长为 ;②当α= 度时,四边形EDBC 是直角梯形,此时AD 的长为 ;(2)当90α=°时,判断四边形EDBC 是否为菱形,并说明理由.解(1)①30,1;②60,1.5; ……………………4分 (2)当∠α=900时,四边形EDBC 是菱形. ∵∠α=∠ACB=900,∴BC //ED .∵CE //AB , ∴四边形EDBC 是平行四边形. ……………………6分 在Rt △ABC 中,∠ACB =900,∠B =600,BC =2,∴∠A =300.∴AB =4,AC 3. ∴AO =12AC 3……………………8分 在Rt △AOD 中,∠A =300,∴AD =2. ∴BD =2. ∴BD =BC .又∵四边形EDBC 是平行四边形,∴四边形EDBC 是菱形 ……………………10分7如图,在梯形ABCD 中,354245AD BC AD DC AB B ====︒∥,,,,∠.动点M 从B 点出发沿线段BC 以每秒2个单位长度的速度向终点C 运动;动点N 同时从C 点出发沿线段CD 以每秒1个单位长度的速度向终点D 运动.设运动的时间为t 秒. (1)求BC 的长.(2)当MN AB ∥时,求t 的值.(3)试探究:t 为何值时,MNC △为等腰三角形. O E CDA α lOCA (备用图)A D CB MN解:(1)如图①,过A 、D 分别作AK BC ⊥于K ,DH BC ⊥于H ,则四边形ADHK 是矩形∴3KH AD ==.················································································ 1分 在Rt ABK △中,sin 4542AK AB =︒==.2cos 454242BK AB =︒== ·························································· 2分 在Rt CDH △中,由勾股定理得,3HC ==∴43310BC BK KH HC =++=++= ················································· 3分(2)如图②,过D 作DG AB ∥交BC 于G 点,则四边形ADGB 是平行四边形∵MN AB ∥ ∴MN DG ∥ ∴3BG AD == ∴1037GC =-= ············································································· 4分 由题意知,当M 、N 运动到t 秒时,102CN t CM t ==-,. ∵DG MN ∥∴NMC DGC =∠∠ 又C C =∠∠∴MNC GDC △∽△∴CN CMCD CG =··················································································· 5分 即10257t t -= 解得,5017t = ···················································································· 6分(3)分三种情况讨论:①当NC MC =时,如图③,即102t t =- ∴103t = ·························································································· 7分 (图①) A D C B K H (图②) A D C B G MNADNAD N②当MN NC =时,如图④,过N 作NE MC ⊥于E 解法一:由等腰三角形三线合一性质得()11102522EC MC t t ==-=- 在Rt CEN △中,5cos EC tc NC t -==又在Rt DHC △中,3cos 5CH c CD ==∴535t t -=解得258t = ······················································································· 8分解法二:∵90C C DHC NEC =∠=∠=︒∠∠, ∴NEC DHC △∽△∴NC ECDC HC =即553t t -= ∴258t = ·························································································· 8分③当MN MC =时,如图⑤,过M 作MF CN ⊥于F 点.1122FC NC t ==解法一:(方法同②中解法一)132cos 1025tFC C MC t ===- 解得6017t =解法二:∵90C C MFC DHC =∠=∠=︒∠∠, ∴MFC DHC △∽△ ∴FC MCHC DC =即1102235tt-=∴6017t =综上所述,当103t =、258t =或6017t =时,MNC △为等腰三角形 ··············· 9分(图⑤)A DCBH N MF8如图1,在等腰梯形ABCD 中,AD BC ∥,E 是AB 的中点,过点E 作EF BC ∥交CD 于点F .46AB BC ==,,60B =︒∠. (1)求点E 到BC 的距离;(2)点P 为线段EF 上的一个动点,过P 作PM EF ⊥交BC 于点M ,过M 作MN AB ∥交折线ADC 于点N ,连结PN ,设EP x =. ①当点N 在线段AD 上时(如图2),PMN △的形状是否发生改变?若不变,求出PMN △的周长;若改变,请说明理由; ②当点N 在线段DC 上时(如图3),是否存在点P ,使PMN △为等腰三角形?若存在,请求出所有满足要求的x 的值;若不存在,请说明理由.A D E BF C图4(备用)ADE BF C图5(备用)A D E BF C图1 图2A D EBF C PNM 图3A D EBFCPN M(第25题)解(1)如图1,过点E 作EG BC ⊥于点G . 1分∵E 为AB 的中点,∴122BE AB ==.在Rt EBG △中,60B =︒∠,∴30BEG =︒∠. ············ 2分∴112BG BE EG ====, 即点E 到BC····································· 3分(2)①当点N 在线段AD 上运动时,PMN △的形状不发生改变. ∵PM EF EG EF ⊥⊥,,∴PM EG ∥. ∵EF BC ∥,∴EP GM =,PM EG ==同理4MN AB ==. ·················································································· 4分 如图2,过点P 作PH MN ⊥于H ,∵MN AB ∥, ∴6030NMC B PMH ==︒=︒∠∠,∠.∴122PH PM == ∴3cos302MH PM =︒=.则35422NH MN MH =-=-=.在Rt PNH △中,PN === ∴PMN △的周长=4PM PN MN ++=. ······································· 6分 ②当点N 在线段DC 上运动时,PMN △的形状发生改变,但MNC △恒为等边三角形.当PM PN =时,如图3,作PR MN ⊥于R ,则MR NR =.类似①,32MR =. ∴23MN MR ==.··················································································· 7分 ∵MNC △是等边三角形,∴3MC MN ==.此时,6132x EP GM BC BG MC ===--=--=. ··································· 8分图3A D E BFCPN M图4A D EBF CPM N 图5A D EBF (P ) CMN GGRG图1A D E BF CG图2A D EBF CPNMG H当MP MN =时,如图4,这时3MC MN MP ===.此时,61353x EP GM ===-=-.当NP NM =时,如图5,30NPM PMN ==︒∠∠.则120PMN =︒∠,又60MNC =︒∠, ∴180PNM MNC +=︒∠∠.因此点P 与F 重合,PMC △为直角三角形. ∴tan301MC PM =︒=.此时,6114x EP GM ===--=.综上所述,当2x =或4或(53时,PMN △为等腰三角形. ···················· 10分9如图①,正方形 ABCD 中,点A 、B 的坐标分别为(0,10),(8,4), 点C 在第一象限.动点P 在正方形 ABCD 的边上,从点A 出发沿A →B →C →D 匀速运动,同时动点Q 以相同速度在x 轴正半轴上运动,当P 点到达D 点时,两点同时停止运动,设运动的时间为t 秒.(1)当P 点在边AB 上运动时,点Q 的横坐标x (长度单位)关于运动时间t (秒)的函数图象如图②所示,请写出点Q 开始运动时的坐标及点P 运动速度;(2)求正方形边长及顶点C 的坐标;(3)在(1)中当t 为何值时,△OPQ 的面积最大,并求此时P 点的坐标; (4)如果点P 、Q 保持原速度不变,当点P 沿A →B →C →D 匀速运动时,OP 与PQ 能否相等,若能,写出所有符合条件的t 的值;若不能,请说明理由.解:(1)Q (1,0) ······················································································· 1分 点P 运动速度每秒钟1个单位长度. ·········································································································· 2分 (2) 过点B 作BF ⊥y 轴于点F ,BE ⊥x 轴于点E ,则BF =8,4OF BE ==. ∴1046AF =-=.在Rt △AFB 中,228610AB + 3分 过点C 作CG ⊥x 轴于点G ,与FB 的延长线交于点H . ∵90,ABC AB BC ∠=︒= ∴△ABF ≌△BCH .A CDM Py∴6,8BH AF CH BF ====. ∴8614,8412OG FH CG ==+==+=.∴所求C 点的坐标为(14,12). 4分 (3) 过点P 作PM ⊥y 轴于点M ,PN ⊥x 轴于点N , 则△APM ∽△ABF . ∴AP AM MP AB AF BF ==. 1068t AM MP∴==. ∴3455AM t PM t ==,. ∴3410,55PN OM t ON PM t ==-==.设△OPQ 的面积为S (平方单位)∴213473(10)(1)5251010S t t t t =⨯-+=+-(0≤t ≤10) ················································· 5分说明:未注明自变量的取值范围不扣分.∵310a =-<0 ∴当474710362()10t =-=⨯-时, △OPQ 的面积最大. ························· 6分 此时P 的坐标为(9415,5310) . ····································································· 7分 (4) 当 53t =或29513t =时, OP 与PQ 相等. ················································· 9分10数学课上,张老师出示了问题:如图1,四边形ABCD 是正方形,点E是边BC 的中点.90AEF ∠=,且EF 交正方形外角DCG ∠的平行线CF 于点F ,求证:AE =EF .经过思考,小明展示了一种正确的解题思路:取AB 的中点M ,连接ME ,则AM =EC ,易证AME ECF △≌△,所以AE EF =.在此基础上,同学们作了进一步的研究:(1)小颖提出:如图2,如果把“点E 是边BC 的中点”改为“点E 是边BC 上(除B ,C 外)的任意一点”,其它条件不变,那么结论“AE =EF ”仍然成立,你认为小颖的观点正确吗?如果正确,写出证明过程;如果不正确,请说明理由;(2)小华提出:如图3,点E 是BC 的延长线上(除C 点外)的任意一点,其他条件不变,结论“AE =EF ”仍然成立.你认为小华的观点正确吗?如果正确,写出证明过程;如果不正确,请说明理由.ADFC GB图1ADFC G B 图2ADFC GE B图3解:(1)正确. (1分)证明:在AB 上取一点M ,使AM EC =,连接ME . (2分)BM BE ∴=.45BME ∴∠=°,135AME ∴∠=°.CF 是外角平分线,45DCF ∴∠=°,135ECF ∴∠=°.AME ECF ∴∠=∠.90AEB BAE ∠+∠=°,90AEB CEF ∠+∠=°, ∴BAE CEF ∠=∠.AME BCF ∴△≌△(ASA ). ··································································· (5分) AE EF ∴=. ························································································· (6分) (2)正确. ····················································· (7分) 证明:在BA 的延长线上取一点N . 使AN CE =,连接NE . ··································· (8分) BN BE ∴=. 45N PCE ∴∠=∠=°. 四边形ABCD 是正方形, AD BE ∴∥.DAE BEA ∴∠=∠. NAE CEF ∴∠=∠.ANE ECF ∴△≌△(ASA ). ································································· (10分) AE EF ∴=. ······················································································· (11分) 11已知一个直角三角形纸片OAB ,其中9024AOB OA OB ∠===°,,.如图,将该纸片放置在平面直角坐标系中,折叠该纸片,折痕与边OB 交于点C ,与边AB 交于点D .(Ⅰ)若折叠后使点B 与点A 重合,求点C(Ⅱ)若折叠后点B 落在边OA 上的点为B ',设OB x '=,OC y =,试写出y 关于x 的函数解析式,并确定y 的取值范围;(Ⅲ)若折叠后点B 落在边OA 上的点为B ',且使B D OB '∥,求此时点C 的坐标.AD F C GE B M A DF C GE B N解(Ⅰ)如图①,折叠后点B 与点A 重合, 则ACD BCD △≌△.设点C 的坐标为()()00m m >,. 则4BC OB OC m =-=-. 于是4AC BC m ==-.在Rt AOC △中,由勾股定理,得222AC OC OA =+, 即()22242m m -=+,解得32m =. ∴点C 的坐标为302⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭,. ··················································································· 4分(Ⅱ)如图②,折叠后点B 落在OA 边上的点为B ',则B CD BCD '△≌△. 由题设OB x OC y '==,, 则4B C BC OB OC y '==-=-,在Rt B OC '△中,由勾股定理,得222B C OC OB ''=+.()2224y y x ∴-=+,即2128y x =-+ ···························································································· 6分 由点B '在边OA 上,有02x ≤≤,∴ 解析式2128y x =-+()02x ≤≤为所求.∴ 当02x ≤≤时,y 随x 的增大而减小,y ∴的取值范围为322y ≤≤. ····································································· 7分 (Ⅲ)如图③,折叠后点B 落在OA 边上的点为B '',且B D OB ''∥. 则OCB CB D ''''∠=∠. 又CBD CB D OCB CBD ''''∠=∠∴∠=∠,,有CB BA ''∥. Rt Rt COB BOA ''∴△∽△. 有OB OCOA OB''=,得2OC OB ''=. ·································································· 9分 在Rt B OC ''△中,设()00OB x x ''=>,则02OC x =. 由(Ⅱ)的结论,得2001228x x =-+,解得000808x x x =-±>∴=-+,∴点C的坐标为()016. ··································································· 10分12问题解决 如图(1),将正方形纸片ABCD 折叠,使点B 落在CD 边上一点E (不与点C ,D 重合),压平后得到折痕MN .当12CE CD =时,求AMBN 的值.类比归纳在图(1)中,若13CE CD =,则AM BN 的值等于 ;若14CE CD =,则AMBN 的值等于 ;若1CE CD n =(n 为整数),则AMBN的值等于 .(用含n 的式子表示) 联系拓广 如图(2),将矩形纸片ABCD 折叠,使点B 落在CD 边上一点E (不与点C D,重合),压平后得到折痕MN ,设()111AB CE m BC m CD n =>=,,则AMBN的值等于 .(用含m n ,的式子表示)解:方法一:如图(1-1),连接BM EM BE ,,.方法指导: 为了求得AM BN 的值,可先求BN 、AM 的长,不妨设:AB =2 图(2) N AB C D EF M 图(1)AB C D E FM NN 图(1-1)A BCEF M由题设,得四边形ABNM 和四边形FENM 关于直线MN 对称.∴MN 垂直平分BE .∴BM EM BN EN ==,. ···································· 1分 ∵四边形ABCD 是正方形,∴902A D C AB BC CD DA ∠=∠=∠=====°,. ∵112CE CE DE CD =∴==,.设BN x =,则NE x =,2NC x =-.在Rt CNE △中,222NE CN CE =+.∴()22221x x =-+.解得54x =,即54BN =. ········································· 3分 在Rt ABM △和在Rt DEM △中,222AM AB BM +=, 222DM DE EM +=,∴2222AM AB DM DE +=+. ····························································· 5分设AM y =,则2DM y =-,∴()2222221y y +=-+.解得14y =,即14AM =. ····································································· 6分∴15AM BN =.····················································································· 7分 方法二:同方法一,54BN =. ································································ 3分如图(1-2),过点N 做NG CD ∥,交AD 于点G ,连接BE .∵AD BC ∥,∴四边形GDCN 是平行四边形. ∴NG CD BC ==.同理,四边形ABNG 也是平行四边形.∴54AG BN ==. ∵90MN BE EBC BNM ⊥∴∠+∠=,°. 90NG BC MNG BNM EBC MNG ⊥∴∠+∠=∴∠=∠,°,. 在BCE △与NGM △中90EBC MNG BC NG C NGM ∠=∠⎧⎪=⎨⎪∠=∠=⎩,,°.∴BCE NGM EC MG =△≌△,. ························· 5分∵114AM AG MG AM =--=5,=.4 ····················································· 6分 N 图(1-2)A B C DE FM G。