Book 9 Unit 2 Sailing the oceans 导学案教师版SAILING THE OCEANSI. Important words and expressions1. Words①_minimum_ adj. 最小的；最低的②pole _ n. 地极；柱；杆③_secure _ adj. 安全的；可靠的④__awkward_ adj. 难使用的；笨拙的⑤_simplify _ vt. 单一化；简单化⑥__shortcoming_ n. 缺点；短处⑦_reliable _ adj. 可靠的；可信赖的⑧__tendency_ n. 趋向；倾向2. Phrases①受…支配___at the mercy of __ ②解决；算出；弄懂____work out___③接近；靠近__close to __ ④海里____nautical mile __⑤set loose __出发；开始_____ ⑥jaws of death __鬼门关___II. Reading and Comprehending1. Fast readingWhat did people use to help sailing?①nature → ___celestial bodies__ , wildlife, __weather_ , sea .②instruments → _knot_ , compass, __bearing circle_ , _astrolabe_ , quadrant, __sextant_.2.Careful reading. Choose the best answer.①How many traditional methods used by seamen are mentioned in the text? AA. Four B .Five C. Eight D. Ten②By studying the wind ,seamen could __C_____.A. tell the distance they had coveredB. know how far away they were awayC. judge the direction of shipD. make their journey meaningful③Latitude and longitude are used to help seamen know ___B____.A. how far away they are from landB. where they are in the oceanC. the right direction of the courseD. the direction of the ocean currents④In order to calculate the speed of their ship, seamen used to use __D____.A. the compassB. a ropeC. a logD. both B and C⑤which is the correct order of the development of navigational instruments? CA. The compass-the sextant-the quadrant-the astrolabe-the bearing ciraleB. The bearing circle-the astrolabe- the sextant- the quadrant- the compassC. The bearing circle- the astrolabe- the quadrant- the sextant- the compassD. The astrolabe- the bearing cirale- the sextant- the quadrant- the compass⑥Which is fit to describe this passage? It is a __B_.A. narration (记叙文)B. exposition (说明文)C. prose (散文)D. poem3. Comprehending.1）Read the passage and answer the following questions.What is the use of a bearing circle, astrolabe, quadrant or sextant? ( B )What is the use of a compass? ( A )A to set the course of the shipB to measure the position of the shipC to measure the speed of the shipD to tell the time2）Why are speed and time important in working out the longitude (经度) of a ship?Because the earth moves fifteen degrees westwards every hour. If you know your direction, speed and time, you can work out the approximate longitude or change in your position in relation to the stars.（P13）3）Why is the position of the sun and various stars useful for working out latitude（纬度）?The position of the sun and stars are useful for working out latitude because they are fixed points in the sky and their movements in relation to the earth are already known. So they can be used to measure a ship's position.（P13）III. Language Learning1.The seems to have been the first and most useful form of exploration, which carried the minimumamount of risk.1）在seem后接动词不定试的完成式seem to have done/been表示该动作发生在seem之前_, 如：a)He _seems to have lost confidence_ in himself. （他似乎对自己失去了自信）b)They don’t seem to __have grasped/understood__ what I meant. 他们好像还没明白我的意思。
2）minimum 在本句中作形容词，在其它情况下也可作名词，多用_单数_形式，其复数形式是_minima_ 或_minimums.2.As the ship advanced through the water the knots were counted as they passed through a seaman’s hands.句中的as 引导状语_从句，表示__当…时候；与…同时_的意思。
The phone rang just as I was leaving the house. 我刚要出门，电话就响了。
3.However, it was awkward to use as one of the points of reference was the moving ship itself.it 指上面提到的“罗盘”，awkward 的意思是not convenient, difficult; as 的意思是_because.it was awkward to use 可理解为：It was awkward to use the astrolabe. 这个句子的it 又可以作一个形式主语，真正的主语是_to use the astrolabe_IV. Exercise.1.单句语法填空1)However, it was awkward_ to use as one of the points of reference was the moving ship itself.2)This was a more precise and simplified_ version of the astrolabe.3)It proved to be the most accurate and reliable_ of these early navigational instruments.4)This seems to have been the first and most useful form of exploration which carried the minimum__amount of risk.5). Once we were at sea, our routine_ every day was the same.6)There is a special cloud formation which indicates_ there is land close by.7)Seamen could follow the birds to land even if they were offshore_ and in the open sea.8)Wise seamen could accelerate__ the speed, but they could also be dangerous.9)There is no secure_ method of measuring longitude until the 17th century when the British solved thistheoretical problem.10)An early method of measuring speed involved throwing a knotted__ rope tied to a log over the side ofthe ship.11)The compass has a special magnetic_ pointer which always indicates the North Pole.2.翻译句子1．我们很可能感到奇怪，在经纬度用来在地图上标出船只位置之前，海员是如何对海洋探索的。