Unit 1 (Book IV)Section A Tail of FameI. Notes to the Text—Active ExpressionsA. Focus Study1. Most would be hard-pressed to tell you how they even got there.be hard-pressed to do sth. 做某事有困难今年这家航空公司要赢利困难重重。

This year the airline will be hard-pressed to make a profit.你很难找到更好的人做这项工作。

You’d be hard-pressed to find anyone better for the job.2. The public simply discounts styles other than those for which the artist has becomefamous.…other than…除了……他只提到了自己的贡献，而没有提其他任何人的。

He didn’t mention anyone else’s contributions other than his own.我们错过了最后一班公交车，所以除了走回家别无选择。

We missed the last bus so there was no choice other than to walk home.3. It takes you out of yourself: You must be what the public thinks you are, not whatyou really are or could be.It takes sb. out of …使得某人缺乏……这使得我丧失了理智，从而做出了错误的决定。

It takes me out of mind to make wrong decisions.我失去了自我，再也做不回当初的自己。

It takes me out of myself: I can’t come back to what I used to be.B. Creative Application of Typical Expressions1 .丢掉有固定收入的工作: to quit / give up/ leave one’s day job某事干得漂亮: do a good job of sth.没有做到: fall down on the job尽力而为: make the best of a bad job他答应使他们的生活衣食无忧，但没有做到。

keep one’s life fre e from sth. / worry about clothing and foodHe promised to keep their life free from worry about clothing and food, but hehas fallen down on the job.2. 激励某人向前: to spur sb. on促使某人采取行动:spur sb. to action鼓励某人更努力: spur sb. on to greater efforts激励某人夺取胜利: spur sb. to victory解决他消极态度的最佳方案不是一味地指责，而是鼓励他更努力。

the best solution to sth. / one’s passive attitude / find endless fault with sb.The best solution to his passive attitude is not to find endless fault with him, butto spur him on to greater efforts.3. 沉浸在成功后的无上荣光中: to drown in fame’s imperial glory专心于；埋头于: be absorbed in深陷: be immersed / stuck in沉浸于；迷恋于: be drowned / bathed in由于深陷金融危机，国际市场近期不太可能复苏。

immersed in the financial crisis / in the near future / be less likely to do sth. / come back to lifeImmersed in the financial crisis, the world market is less likely to come back to life in the near future.4. 忠于: to remain / be true to sth. (form / type / life / one’s word / oneself)某事属实: It is true about sth.坚持原则: to s tay true to one’s principles某事会······：It is true of sth. that …一般说来，人生不是去分辨远处模糊的东西，而是去从事摆在眼前的工作。

see what lies dimly at a distance / do what lies clearly at handIt is generally true of one’s life that one needs to do what lies clearly at hand instead of seeing what lies dimly at a distance.5. 被开除／驱逐: to be expelled from使某人感动得落泪：compel tears from sb.觉得不得不做某事：feel impelled to do sth.相互排斥：repel each other他们的性格如同水火，互不相容。

As …, so … / repel each otherAs water and fire repel each other, so do their characters.C. Further Application of Typical Patterns1. 用于表述“事物之间的类比”。

Sb. who do sth. be like sb. else doing sth. else who, when／once …, …搞科研的人如同正登山的运动员，到达一个顶峰后，发现还有更高的山峰要爬。

Anyone who does science is like an alpinist climbing mountains who, when he gets to one top, will find a new peak for him to reach.2. 用于表述“事物的因果关系”。

When one becomes bored (with sth. / sb.), sth. or sb. begin to show a lack of continuity in … and it becomes difficult to do sth. else.若你对爱情生活感到厌烦，你的恋人就难以继续保持魅力，新的爱情火花也就难以迸发。

When you become bored with your romantic life, your sweetheart begins to showa lack of continuity in his/her charm and it becomes difficult to burst forth newsparks of romance.3. 用于表述“某人自我安慰的方式”。

Sb. find comfort in k nowing / thinking that … or in knowing / thinking that …失恋者寻求安慰时，要这样想：人生何处无芳草。

The failed lovers can find comfort in thinking that there is nowhere in life barren of fragrant grass.D. Word Using1. chase v.to run after someone or something in order to catch themPolice chased the thief and eventually recovered the missing money.The kids chased each other in the garden.2. participate in to take part in or become involved in an activity班里的每个人都应该积极参加这些讨论。

他们希望有机会参与决策制定。

Everyone in the class is expected to participate actively in these discussions.They wanted opportunities to participate in the decision-making process.3. pessimistic a.expecting that bad things will happen in the future or thatsomething will have a bad result我对未来感到极其悲观。

这听起来像是本末倒置，是不必要的悲观。

I am deeply pessimistic about the future.This may sound like putting the cart before the horse and being unnecessarily pessimistic.4. worship vt.to admire and love someone very much我们都要有崇拜的英雄，无论他们是运动员、电影明星还是政治家。

我小时候崇拜我哥哥。

We all want heroes to worship, be they sportsmen, film stars, or politicians.As a child, I worshipped my older brother.5. spur vt.to encourage someone or make them want to do something我们鼓励他们做出更大的努力。