1. a range of fruit-flavoured toppings （蛋糕上的各种果味配料） 2. Control of a range of food related microorganisms by a multiparameter preservation system （利用多参数保藏系统控制一系列食品相关微生物）
译文
氨基酸的生产有很多种方法，包括直接发酵法、利用 细胞或酶对前体进行பைடு நூலகம்化、蛋白质水解物提取法和化学合 成法。在食品和饲料工业中，氨基酸具有诸如作为营养素 和调味剂的多种用途。
Part 2 食品科技英语的阅读
Lesson 3 Amino acids
常用短语 a range of 一系列的，很多的
Isoleucine
Methionine Phenylalanine Tyrosine Tryptophan Aspartic acid
异亮氨酸(Ile,I)
甲硫氨酸(Met,M) 苯丙氨酸(Phe,F) 酪氨酸(Tyr,Y) 色氨酸(Trp,W) 天冬氨酸(Asp,D)
Part 2 食品科技英语的阅读
译文
表1列举了几种氨基酸在食品工业中的年需求量、生 产方法和应用。重要的非食品用的氨基酸包括L-精氨酸、 L-谷氨酰胺、L-组氨酸、L-亮氨酸、L-苯丙氨酸、L-酪 氨酸和L-缬氨酸。
Part 2 食品科技英语的阅读
Lesson 3 Amino acids Para.2 While fermentation or biotransformation processes have been developed for production of all amino acids except glycine, L-cysteine and L-cystine, not all of these processes are commercially viable. Lasparagine, L-leucine, L-tyrosine, L-cysteine, and Lcystine are produced by purification of protein hydrolysates.
Part 2 食品科技英语的阅读
Lesson 3 Amino acids Para.3 Production of commercial quantities of the amino acids has been dependent on the successful development of deregulated mutants. The two most important methods involve use of auxotrophic and regulatory mutants or a combination of the two. 译文 由于去阻遏突变型菌株的成功构建使得商业规模的氨 基酸生产得以发展。利用营养缺陷型和调控型突变菌株或 两者联合使用，是两种重要的商业生产方法。
Part 2 食品科技英语的阅读
Lesson 3 Amino acids Para.1 Amino acids are produced using a range of technologies including direct fermentation, biotransformation of precursors using cells or enzymes, extraction of protein hydrolysates and chemical synthesis. They have a variety of uses as nutrients and flavours in the food and feed industries.
Part 2 食品科技英语的阅读
Lesson 3 Amino acids Para.3 End-product inhibition by the amino acid product of an unbranched biosynthetic pathway may be avoided by the development of regulatory mutants, having an altered feedback-insensitive key enzyme, thus allowing accumulation of the particular amino acid. 译文 利用没有支路的生物合成途径生产的氨基酸终产物的 抑制作用也许可以通过调控变异体的发展而避免，该调控 变异体具有改变的反馈抑制不敏感的关键酶，从而可以允 许积累某些特殊的氨基酸。
a variety of 多种的，各种各样的
1. a variety of food is sold at a supermarket （超级市场各式各样的食物均有出售）
2. a new variety of apples（苹果的新品种）
A series of 一系列，许多
Part 2 食品科技英语的阅读
亮氨酸(Leu,L)
Cysteine
Proline Asparagine Glutamine Lysine Arginine Histidine Glutamic acid
半胱氨酸(Cys,C)
脯氨酸(Pro,P) 天冬酰胺(Asn,N) 谷氨酰胺(Gln,Q) 赖氨酸(Lys,K) 精氨酸(Arg,R) 组氨酸(His,H) 谷氨酸(Glu,E)
译文
除了甘氨酸、L-半胱氨酸和L-胱氨酸之外，其它所 有的氨基酸都可以通过发酵或生物合成的方法来生产。 然而，并不是所有的生产方法都可进行商业化生产。L天冬酰胺、L-亮氨酸、L-酪氨酸、L-半胱氨酸和L-胱氨 酸是由蛋白质水解物纯化而来。
Part 2 食品科技英语的阅读
Lesson 3 Amino acids Para.2 Chemical synthesis is more economical for production of optically-inactive racemic mixtures of D- and L-isomers, and D, L-alanine,D,L-methionine, D, L-tryptophan and glycine are produced in this way. Processing involving amino acylase enzymes may be used to resolve these racemic mixtures.
Lesson 3 Amino acids
Part 2 食品科技英语的阅读
Lesson 3 Amino acids
Hydrolysate n.水解产物 Racemic adj. 外消旋的 Isomer n. 异构体 Acylase n.酰基转移酶 Deregulate n.解除管制 Auxotrophic adj. 营养缺陷型的，营养缺陷体的 Intermediate adj. 中间的 n.媒介，中间物 Eliminate v.排除，消除 Analogue n.相似物，类似情况，对等的人 Revertant n. adj. 回复子(的)，回复突变型(的)
Lesson 3 Amino acids Para.1 Table 1 indicates the annual demand, production methods and applications of amino acids in the food industry. Important amino acids with nonfood applications include L-arginine, L-gludtamine, L-histidine, L-leucine, L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine and L-valine.
译文
化学合成方法是生产无光学活性的外消旋混合物D-和 L-异构体的较为经济的方法，如D、L-丙氨酸，D、L-蛋氨 酸，D、L-色氨酸和甘氨酸都是通过这种方法生产的。在 生产工艺中，可以利用氨酰基转移酶消除外消旋混合物的 产生。
Part 2 食品科技英语的阅读
Lesson 3 Amino acids Para.3 Microbial strains from the genera Croynebacterium and Brevibacterium have assumed major importance in the production of amino acids by fermentation. Natural isolates of these strains can excrete large quantities of glutamic acid. Because of cell metabolic regulatory mechanisms, particularly end-prodcut repression and inhibition, substantial levels of amino acids are rarely excreted by wild-type isolates. 译文 棒状杆菌和短杆菌属的一些菌株在氨基酸发酵生产中 显示了非常重要的作用。这些菌株中一些天然分离株能分 泌大量的谷氨酸。因为细胞的代谢调节机制，特别是终产 物的抑制作用，野生的种群很少分泌大量水平的氨基酸。
Part 2 食品科技英语的阅读
Lesson 3 Amino acids Para.3 Auxotrophic mutants, which lack the enzyme needed to form the regulatory effector metabolite (often the end-product), many accumulate and excrete the metabolic intermediate which is the substrate for the eliminated enzyme. A lysine auxotroph, for example, lacks an enzyme in the pathway necessary for lysine synthesis and requires lysine, or a metabolic precursor which can be converted to lysine, for growth. 译文 营养缺陷型突变菌株是缺少了形成调控代谢因子（通 常是终产物）所需要的酶，这样的菌株可能积累或分泌上 述作为被消除酶的底物之类的中间代谢产物。例如，一个 赖氨酸缺陷体，缺少合成途径中的一个酶，必需添加赖氨 酸或者是能转化成赖氨酸的代谢前体来满足生长需求。