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Environmental Analytical Chemistry
Common matrices/Application areas include; • Hydrosphere •e.g. sea, river, estuary, lake, porewater • Atmosphere •e.g. outdoor air, workplace air, air-sea interface • Lithosphere •e.g. soil, sediment. rocks • Biosphere •e.g. plants, animals, humans
Select determinands and sampling positions
Select number of samples and time/frequency of sampling
Select appropriate analytical method
Select methods for collecting samples
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2. SAMPLING
Outline of the strategies which need to be considered when designing and conducting a sampling programme for environmental analyses
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1. DEFINING THE PROBLEM 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Why am I doing this analysis? What sites am I interested in? What analytes am I interested in? What concentrations do I expect? What techniques should I use for sampling and measurement? 6. What do my “customers” want from this study/report?
Select methods for sample preservation
6. Report Writing
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Analytical Chemistry Definition The science which deals with the detection, identification and quantification of chemical species in matrices of chemical, biological or environmental origin. It is a multidisciplinary subject that has chemistry at its core but also requires a knowledge of other sciences, e.g. biology, biochemistry, physics, mathematics, statistics and computing. It is concerned with the real world, with the primary aim of determining WHAT constituents (qualitative analysis) are present in a sample and HOW MUCH of each constituent (quantitative analysis) is present.
3. Sample Treatment (Digestion of sediments, preservation of waters)
4. Measurement
5. Data Treatment (Precision, Accuracy, Calibration, Limit of Detection)
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RESEARCH METHODS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Prof Paul Worsfold Contents stored on sharepoint
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Introduction to Environmental Analytical Chemistry This presentation is intended to provide support material for the Wembury field and lab work. Any of the material in steps 1-5 could be included in an exam question. The six steps in the “Analytical Approach” to any problem are: 1. Defining the problem 2. Sampling (Waters and Sediments)
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Definition of objectives
Design of sampling programme for environmental analytical chemistry Apply this to e.g. Wembury field trip for stream water and sediment analysis
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Sampling design Economic and sapling locations Sampling time and frequency Methods of sample collection Sample storage and preservation